{"CFDocument":{"identifier":"90d72576-8eac-11ec-855b-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFDocuments/90d72576-8eac-11ec-855b-0242ac1c0003","creator":"Arkansas Department of Education (Virtual Arkansas)","title":"Arkansas K-12 Science Standards","lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00","publisher":"Arkansas Department of Education (Virtual Arkansas)","subject":["Science"],"adoptionStatus":"Adopted"},"CFItems":[{"identifier":"d56825dc-8eac-11ec-97c1-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/d56825dc-8eac-11ec-97c1-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Kindergarten","CFItemType":"Grade Level","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade Level","identifier":"26893ec6-1d55-11eb-acad-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26893ec6-1d55-11eb-acad-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["KG"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"d56aeac4-8eac-11ec-b859-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/d56aeac4-8eac-11ec-b859-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Weather is the combination of sunlight, wind, snow or rain, and temperature in a particular region at a particular time. People measure these conditions to describe and record the weather and to notice patterns over time.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["KG"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"d56a7954-8eac-11ec-85ef-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/d56a7954-8eac-11ec-85ef-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Weather and Climate","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS2.D:","language":"en","educationLevel":["KG"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"d56a0596-8eac-11ec-80b4-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/d56a0596-8eac-11ec-80b4-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["KG"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"d56983aa-8eac-11ec-ba0a-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/d56983aa-8eac-11ec-ba0a-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Use and share observations of local weather conditions to describe patterns over time.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"K-ESS2-1","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Examples of qualitative observations could include descriptions of the weather (such as sunny, cloudy, rainy, or warm); examples of quantitative observations could include numbers of sunny, windy, and rainy days in a month. Examples of patterns could include that it is usually cooler in the morning than in the afternoon or the number of sunny days versus cloudy days in different months.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment of quantitative observations is limited to whole numbers and relative measures such as warmer/cooler.","language":"en","educationLevel":["KG"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"d571e64e-8eac-11ec-93db-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/d571e64e-8eac-11ec-93db-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Ask questions to obtain information about the purpose of weather forecasting to prepare for, and respond to, severe weather.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"K-ESS3-2","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Emphasis is on local forms of severe weather.]","language":"en","educationLevel":["KG"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"d574d99e-8eac-11ec-b320-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/d574d99e-8eac-11ec-b320-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Some kinds of severe weather are more likely than others in a given region. 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tested.","language":"en","educationLevel":["KG"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"d57629de-8eac-11ec-80f2-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/d57629de-8eac-11ec-80f2-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["KG"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"d5784746-8eac-11ec-ac92-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/d5784746-8eac-11ec-ac92-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Events have causes that generate observable patterns.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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observations.","language":"en","educationLevel":["KG"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"d5706b34-8eac-11ec-ace4-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/d5706b34-8eac-11ec-ace4-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["KG"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"d5717a1a-8eac-11ec-a89d-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/d5717a1a-8eac-11ec-a89d-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Patterns in the natural world can be observed, used to describe phenomena, and used as evidence.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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that have the things they need. Humans use natural resources for everything they do.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"listEnumeration":"\u2022","language":"en","educationLevel":["KG"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"d57a2016-8eac-11ec-89ca-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/d57a2016-8eac-11ec-89ca-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Natural Resources","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS3.A","language":"en","educationLevel":["KG"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"d579a4a6-8eac-11ec-97c2-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/d579a4a6-8eac-11ec-97c2-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["KG"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"d579276a-8eac-11ec-85ae-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/d579276a-8eac-11ec-85ae-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Use a model to represent the relationship between the needs of different plants or animals (including humans) and the places they live.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"K-ESS3-1","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Examples of relationships could include that deer eat buds and leaves, therefore, they usually live in forested areas; and grasses need sunlight so they often grow in meadows. 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Illumination could be from an external light source or by an object giving off its own light.","language":"en","educationLevel":["01"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ca549e28-94f6-11ec-9b43-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ca549e28-94f6-11ec-9b43-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Objects can be seen if light is available to illuminate them or if they give off their own light.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["01"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ca543366-94f6-11ec-adef-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ca543366-94f6-11ec-adef-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Electromagnetic 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solutions.","language":"en","educationLevel":["01"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ca54fbe8-94f6-11ec-a7a2-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ca54fbe8-94f6-11ec-a7a2-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["01"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ca570a00-94f6-11ec-b081-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ca570a00-94f6-11ec-b081-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Simple tests can be designed to gather evidence to support or refute student ideas about causes.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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paper), opaque (such as cardboard), or reflective (such as a mirror).\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment does not include the speed of light.","language":"en","educationLevel":["01"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ca58cb24-94f6-11ec-886e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ca58cb24-94f6-11ec-886e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Some materials allow light to pass through them, others allow only some light through and others block all the light and create a dark shadow on any surface beyond them, where the light cannot reach. Mirrors can be used to redirect a light beam. (Boundary: The idea that light travels from place to place is developed through experiences with light sources, mirrors, and shadows, but no attempt is made to discuss the speed of light.)","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["01"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ca58568a-94f6-11ec-b297-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ca58568a-94f6-11ec-b297-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Electromagnetic 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solutions.","language":"en","educationLevel":["01"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ca5928c6-94f6-11ec-ba93-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ca5928c6-94f6-11ec-ba93-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["01"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ca5b4890-94f6-11ec-ac87-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ca5b4890-94f6-11ec-ac87-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Simple tests can be designed to gather evidence to support or refute student ideas about causes.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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pattern of drum beats.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment does not include technological details for how communication devices work.","language":"en","educationLevel":["01"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ca5d192c-94f6-11ec-9d11-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ca5d192c-94f6-11ec-9d11-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"People also use a variety of devices to communicate (send and receive information) over long distances.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level 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solutions.","language":"en","educationLevel":["01"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ca51eb4c-94f6-11ec-acf7-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ca51eb4c-94f6-11ec-acf7-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["01"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ca52c33c-94f6-11ec-b733-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ca52c33c-94f6-11ec-b733-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Simple tests can be designed to gather evidence to support or refute student ideas about causes.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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Different animals use their body parts in different ways to see, hear, grasp objects, protect themselves, move from place to place, and seek, find, and take in food, water and air. 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In many kinds of animals, parents and the offspring themselves engage in behaviors that help the offspring to survive.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["01"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ca67b120-94f6-11ec-baa8-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ca67b120-94f6-11ec-baa8-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Growth and Development of Organisms","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"LS1.B","language":"en","educationLevel":["01"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ca67458c-94f6-11ec-8412-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ca67458c-94f6-11ec-8412-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core 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information.","language":"en","educationLevel":["01"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ca688348-94f6-11ec-8b98-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ca688348-94f6-11ec-8b98-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["01"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ca6a8f30-94f6-11ec-9a59-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ca6a8f30-94f6-11ec-9a59-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Patterns in the natural world can be observed, used to describe phenomena, and used as evidence.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["01"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ca6a2252-94f6-11ec-b268-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ca6a2252-94f6-11ec-b268-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Patterns","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["01"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ca69b682-94f6-11ec-8286-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ca69b682-94f6-11ec-8286-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting 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Examples of observations could include leaves from the same kind of plant are the same shape but can differ in size; and, a particular breed of dog looks like its parents but is not exactly the same.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment does not include inheritance, animals that undergo metamorphosis or hybrids.","language":"en","educationLevel":["01"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ca6c453c-94f6-11ec-846b-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ca6c453c-94f6-11ec-846b-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Individuals of the same kind of plant or animal are recognizable as similar but can also vary in many ways.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["01"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ca6bd5c0-94f6-11ec-948e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ca6bd5c0-94f6-11ec-948e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Variation of Traits","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"LS3.B","language":"en","educationLevel":["01"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ca6b6590-94f6-11ec-9847-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ca6b6590-94f6-11ec-9847-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["01"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ca6ca5b8-94f6-11ec-bbc3-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ca6ca5b8-94f6-11ec-bbc3-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Inheritance of Traits","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"LS3.A","language":"en","educationLevel":["01"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ca6d1066-94f6-11ec-afae-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ca6d1066-94f6-11ec-afae-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Young animals are very much, but not exactly, like their parents. Plants also are very much, but not exactly, like their parents.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["01"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ca6e54bc-94f6-11ec-9fda-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ca6e54bc-94f6-11ec-9fda-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Make observations (firsthand or from media) to construct an evidence-based account for natural phenomena.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering 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solutions.","language":"en","educationLevel":["01"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ca64a78c-94f6-11ec-a49f-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ca64a78c-94f6-11ec-a49f-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["01"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ca658828-94f6-11ec-9e78-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ca658828-94f6-11ec-9e78-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"The shape and stability of structures of natural and designed objects are related to their function(s).","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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observations.","language":"en","educationLevel":["02"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"39023802-95b1-11ec-ad8d-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/39023802-95b1-11ec-ad8d-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["02"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"390450e2-95b1-11ec-a53d-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/390450e2-95b1-11ec-a53d-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Simple tests can be designed to gather evidence to support or refute student ideas about causes.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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objects.","language":"en","educationLevel":["02"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"390617a6-95b1-11ec-b0b4-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/390617a6-95b1-11ec-b0b4-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Different properties are suited to different purposes.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["02"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3905a28a-95b1-11ec-bdc1-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3905a28a-95b1-11ec-bdc1-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Structure and Properties of 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and progresses to the use of evidence and ideas in constructing evidence-based accounts of natural phenomena and designing solutions.","language":"en","educationLevel":["02"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3906e122-95b1-11ec-88fa-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3906e122-95b1-11ec-88fa-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["02"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"39090a56-95b1-11ec-b385-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/39090a56-95b1-11ec-b385-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Objects may break into smaller pieces and be put together into larger pieces, or change shapes.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["02"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"39089a4e-95b1-11ec-a8a9-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/39089a4e-95b1-11ec-a8a9-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Energy and Matter","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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cooling can be reversed and some cannot.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"2-PS1-4","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Examples of reversible changes could include materials such as water or butter at different temperatures. Examples of irreversible changes could include cooking an egg, freezing a plant  leaf, and heating paper.","language":"en","educationLevel":["02"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"390ac10c-95b1-11ec-a54b-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/390ac10c-95b1-11ec-a54b-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Heating or cooling a substance may cause changes that can be observed. 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One can map the shapes and kinds of land and water in any area.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["02"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"39265ff2-95b1-11ec-9377-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/39265ff2-95b1-11ec-9377-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Plate Tectonics and Large-Scale System 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solutions.","language":"en","educationLevel":["03"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"64a00362-9670-11ec-b12a-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/64a00362-9670-11ec-b12a-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["03"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"64a0d2c4-9670-11ec-a538-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/64a0d2c4-9670-11ec-a538-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Cause and effect relationships are routinely identified.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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The organisms and their habitat make up a system in which the parts depend on each other for survival.","language":"en","educationLevel":["03"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"64ca4d0c-9670-11ec-a711-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/64ca4d0c-9670-11ec-a711-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"For any particular environment, some kinds of organisms survive well, some survive less well, and some cannot survive at all.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level 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extent to which those conditions vary over years.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["03"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"64ce6838-9670-11ec-b245-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/64ce6838-9670-11ec-b245-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Weather and 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methods.","language":"en","educationLevel":["03"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"64d079f2-9670-11ec-b405-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/64d079f2-9670-11ec-b405-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["03"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"64d1549e-9670-11ec-af4f-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/64d1549e-9670-11ec-af4f-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Patterns of change can be used to make predictions.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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Humans cannot eliminate natural hazards but can take steps to reduce their impacts.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["03"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"64d70178-9670-11ec-b6d2-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/64d70178-9670-11ec-b6d2-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Natural Hazards","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS3.B:","language":"en","educationLevel":["03"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"64d69710-9670-11ec-8277-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/64d69710-9670-11ec-8277-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core 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rods.\r\n.","language":"en","educationLevel":["03"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"64d7c13a-9670-11ec-8cb7-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/64d7c13a-9670-11ec-8cb7-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["03"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"64d88ee4-9670-11ec-a715-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/64d88ee4-9670-11ec-a715-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Make a claim about the merit of a solution to a problem by citing relevant evidence about how it meets the criteria and constraints of the problem.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering 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problems.","language":"en","educationLevel":["04"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"65028c1c-9706-11ec-9e00-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/65028c1c-9706-11ec-9e00-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["04"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"650352aa-9706-11ec-9198-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/650352aa-9706-11ec-9198-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Similarities and differences in patterns can be used to sort and classify designed products.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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functions in growth, survival, behavior, and reproduction.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["04"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"65094a0c-9706-11ec-bbb4-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/65094a0c-9706-11ec-bbb4-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Structure and 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Use of models could include diagrams, computer simulations, and physical models.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment is limited to macroscopic structures within plant and animal systems.","language":"en","educationLevel":["04"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"650dbb64-9706-11ec-869d-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/650dbb64-9706-11ec-869d-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Different sense receptors are specialized for particular kinds of information, which may be then processed by the animal\u2019s brain. 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Argument from Evidence","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Engaging in argument from evidence in 3\u20135 builds on K\u20132 experiences and progresses to critiquing the scientific explanations or solutions proposed by peers by citing relevant evidence about the natural and designed world(s).","language":"en","educationLevel":["04"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"650b235e-9706-11ec-8deb-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/650b235e-9706-11ec-8deb-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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Models","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["04"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"65124cb0-9706-11ec-89a6-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/65124cb0-9706-11ec-89a6-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Local, regional, and global patterns of rock formations reveal changes over time due to earth forces, such as earthquakes. The presence and location of certain fossil types indicate the order in which rock layers were formed.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["04"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"6511e824-9706-11ec-9cf5-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/6511e824-9706-11ec-9cf5-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"The History of Planet Earth","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS1.C","language":"en","educationLevel":["04"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"65117b3c-9706-11ec-b64e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/65117b3c-9706-11ec-b64e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["04"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"6510d9a2-9706-11ec-b9ed-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/6510d9a2-9706-11ec-b9ed-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Identify evidence from patterns in rock formations and fossils in rock layers to support an explanation for changes in a landscape over time.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"4-ESS1-1","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Examples of evidence from patterns could include rock layers with marine shell fossils above rock layers with plant fossils and no shells, indicating a change from land to water over time; and, a canyon with different rock layers in the walls and a river in the bottom, indicating that over time a river cut through the rock.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment does not include specific knowledge of the mechanism of rock formation or memorization of specific rock formations and layers. Assessment is limited to relative time.","language":"en","educationLevel":["04"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"65106dd2-9706-11ec-8abc-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/65106dd2-9706-11ec-8abc-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Earth\u2019s Systems: Processes that Shape the Earth","CFItemType":"Topic","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Topic","identifier":"334bdb88-7eba-11e7-a30f-b0c90b874ace","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/334bdb88-7eba-11e7-a30f-b0c90b874ace"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["04"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"6512a7fa-9706-11ec-9c0d-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/6512a7fa-9706-11ec-9c0d-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["04"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"6513743c-9706-11ec-aa34-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/6513743c-9706-11ec-aa34-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Identify the evidence that supports particular points in an explanation.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["04"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"65130f74-9706-11ec-add8-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/65130f74-9706-11ec-add8-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Constructing explanations and designing solutions in 3\u20135 builds on K\u20132 experiences and progresses to the use of evidence in constructing explanations that specify variables that describe and predict phenomena and in designing multiple solutions to design problems.","language":"en","educationLevel":["04"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"6513dda0-9706-11ec-b7f3-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/6513dda0-9706-11ec-b7f3-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["04"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"6514ae60-9706-11ec-a799-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/6514ae60-9706-11ec-a799-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Patterns can be used as evidence to support an explanation.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["04"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"65144628-9706-11ec-ab90-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/65144628-9706-11ec-ab90-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Patterns","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["04"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"6516f04e-9706-11ec-9276-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/6516f04e-9706-11ec-9276-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Rainfall helps to shape the land and affects the types of living things found in a region. Water, ice, wind, living organisms, and gravity break rocks, soils, and sediments into smaller particles and move them around.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["04"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"651689ec-9706-11ec-aa28-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/651689ec-9706-11ec-aa28-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Earth Materials and Systems","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS2.A","language":"en","educationLevel":["04"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"65161d86-9706-11ec-8ab5-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/65161d86-9706-11ec-8ab5-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["04"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"65157926-9706-11ec-ae8a-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/65157926-9706-11ec-ae8a-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Make observations and/or measurements to provide evidence of the effects of weathering or the rate of erosion by water, ice, wind, or vegetation.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"4-ESS2-1","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Examples of variables to test could include angle of slope in the downhill movement of water, amount of vegetation, speed of wind, relative rate of deposition, cycles of freezing and thawing of water, cycles of heating and cooling, or volume of water flow.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment is limited to a single form of weathering or erosion","language":"en","educationLevel":["04"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"651a5360-9706-11ec-a6c3-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/651a5360-9706-11ec-a6c3-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Analyze and interpret data from maps to describe patterns of Earth\u2019s features.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"4-ESS2-2","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Maps can include topographic maps of Earth\u2019s land and ocean floor, as well as maps of the locations of mountains, continental boundaries, volcanoes, and earthquakes.]","language":"en","educationLevel":["04"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"651b9d92-9706-11ec-a9be-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/651b9d92-9706-11ec-a9be-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"The locations of mountain ranges, deep ocean trenches, ocean floor structures, earthquakes, and volcanoes occur in patterns. Most earthquakes and volcanoes occur in bands that are often along the boundaries between continents and oceans. Major mountain chains form inside continents or near their edges. Maps can help locate the different land and water features areas of Earth.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["04"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"651b2cae-9706-11ec-a883-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/651b2cae-9706-11ec-a883-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Plate Tectonics and Large-Scale System Interactions","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS2.B","language":"en","educationLevel":["04"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"651ac502-9706-11ec-9a5f-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/651ac502-9706-11ec-9a5f-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["04"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"651cd428-9706-11ec-ad22-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/651cd428-9706-11ec-ad22-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Analyze and interpret data to make sense of phenomena using logical reasoning.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["04"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"651c6506-9706-11ec-b198-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/651c6506-9706-11ec-b198-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Analyzing and Interpreting Data","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Analyzing data in 3\u20135 builds on K\u20132 experiences and progresses to introducing quantitative approaches to collecting data and conducting multiple trials of qualitative observations. When possible and feasible, digital tools should be used.","language":"en","educationLevel":["04"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"651bfd14-9706-11ec-b895-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/651bfd14-9706-11ec-b895-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["04"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"651dfe66-9706-11ec-8402-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/651dfe66-9706-11ec-8402-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Patterns can be used as evidence to support an explanation.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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solutions.","language":"en","educationLevel":["04"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"65192468-9706-11ec-a2ea-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/65192468-9706-11ec-a2ea-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["04"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"6519f83e-9706-11ec-97ef-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/6519f83e-9706-11ec-97ef-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Cause and effect relationships are routinely identified, tested, and used to explain change.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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Examples of systems could include organisms, ecosystems, and the Earth.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment does not include molecular explanations.","language":"en","educationLevel":["05"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"f07036a6-9719-11ec-9ee7-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/f07036a6-9719-11ec-9ee7-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["05"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"f071109e-9719-11ec-afc4-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/f071109e-9719-11ec-afc4-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Develop a model to describe phenomena.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["05"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"f0709bc8-9719-11ec-a938-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/f0709bc8-9719-11ec-a938-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Developing and Using Models","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Modeling in 3\u20135 builds on K\u20132 experiences and progresses to building and revising simple models and using models to represent events and design solutions.","language":"en","educationLevel":["05"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"f0717a48-9719-11ec-aa8e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/f0717a48-9719-11ec-aa8e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["05"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"f0725422-9719-11ec-9d5e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/f0725422-9719-11ec-9d5e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"A system can be described in terms of its components and their interactions.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["05"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"f071e1a4-9719-11ec-b410-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/f071e1a4-9719-11ec-b410-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Systems and System Models","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["05"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"f06f5aba-9719-11ec-8c50-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/f06f5aba-9719-11ec-8c50-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"LS2.B","language":"en","educationLevel":["05"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"f06fd224-9719-11ec-81b6-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/f06fd224-9719-11ec-81b6-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Matter cycles between the air and soil and among plants, animals, and microbes as these organisms live and die. Organisms obtain gases, and water, from the environment, and release waste matter (gas, liquid, or solid) back into the environment.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["05"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"f074a0d8-9719-11ec-891b-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/f074a0d8-9719-11ec-891b-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"The sun is a star that appears larger and brighter than other stars because it is closer. Stars range greatly in their distance from Earth.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["05"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"f07412f8-9719-11ec-a7f1-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/f07412f8-9719-11ec-a7f1-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"The Universe and its Stars","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS1.A","language":"en","educationLevel":["05"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"f073a2a0-9719-11ec-b65f-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/f073a2a0-9719-11ec-b65f-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["05"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"f073251e-9719-11ec-9305-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/f073251e-9719-11ec-9305-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Support an argument that differences in the apparent brightness of the sun compared to other stars is due to their relative distances from Earth.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"5-ESS1-1","notes":"**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment is limited to relative distances rather than sizes of stars. Assessment does not include other factors that affect apparent brightness (such as stellar masses, age, or stage).","language":"en","educationLevel":["05"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"f072b2c8-9719-11ec-8550-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/f072b2c8-9719-11ec-8550-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Space Systems","CFItemType":"Topic","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Topic","identifier":"334bdb88-7eba-11e7-a30f-b0c90b874ace","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/334bdb88-7eba-11e7-a30f-b0c90b874ace"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["05"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"f0779aea-9719-11ec-a1fd-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/f0779aea-9719-11ec-a1fd-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Represent data in graphical displays to reveal patterns of daily changes in length and direction of shadows, day and night, and the seasonal appearance of some stars in the night sky.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"5-ESS1-2","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Examples of patterns could include the position and motion of Earth with respect to the sun and select stars that are visible only in particular months.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment does not include causes of seasons.","language":"en","educationLevel":["05"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"f078fdea-9719-11ec-8270-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/f078fdea-9719-11ec-8270-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"The orbits of Earth around the sun and of the moon around Earth, together with the rotation of Earth about an axis between its North and South poles, cause observable patterns. These include day and night; daily changes in the length and direction of shadows; and different positions of the sun, moon, and stars at different times of the day, month, and year.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["05"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"f0788b8a-9719-11ec-bf63-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/f0788b8a-9719-11ec-bf63-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Earth and the Solar System","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS1.B","language":"en","educationLevel":["05"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"f0781c86-9719-11ec-9741-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/f0781c86-9719-11ec-9741-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["05"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"f07a31d8-9719-11ec-9eb3-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/f07a31d8-9719-11ec-9eb3-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Represent data in graphical displays (bar graphs, pictographs and/or pie charts) to reveal patterns that indicate relationships.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["05"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"f079c928-9719-11ec-b308-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/f079c928-9719-11ec-b308-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Analyzing and Interpreting Data","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Analyzing data in 3\u20135 builds on K\u20132 experiences and progresses to introducing quantitative approaches to collecting data and conducting multiple trials of qualitative observations. When possible and feasible, digital tools should be used.","language":"en","educationLevel":["05"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"f0795aec-9719-11ec-afd8-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/f0795aec-9719-11ec-afd8-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["05"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"f07b7b6a-9719-11ec-9ba2-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/f07b7b6a-9719-11ec-9ba2-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Similarities and differences in patterns can be used to sort, classify, communicate and analyze simple rates of change for natural phenomena.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["05"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"f07b087e-9719-11ec-bc87-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/f07b087e-9719-11ec-bc87-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Patterns","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["05"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"f07a90d8-9719-11ec-9397-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/f07a90d8-9719-11ec-9397-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["05"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"f07501b8-9719-11ec-8103-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/f07501b8-9719-11ec-8103-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["05"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"f075e484-9719-11ec-8225-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/f075e484-9719-11ec-8225-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Support an argument with evidence, data, or a model.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["05"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"f075763e-9719-11ec-82f6-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/f075763e-9719-11ec-82f6-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Engaging in Argument from Evidence","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Engaging in argument from evidence in 3\u20135 builds on K\u20132 experiences and progresses to critiquing the scientific explanations or solutions proposed by peers by citing relevant evidence about the natural and designed world(s).","language":"en","educationLevel":["05"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"f0765130-9719-11ec-82a1-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/f0765130-9719-11ec-82a1-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["05"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"f0773c80-9719-11ec-a750-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/f0773c80-9719-11ec-a750-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Natural objects exist from the very small to the immensely large.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["05"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"f076c1a6-9719-11ec-be1d-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/f076c1a6-9719-11ec-be1d-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Scale, Proportion, and Quantity","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["05"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"f07db97a-9719-11ec-99d6-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/f07db97a-9719-11ec-99d6-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Earth\u2019s major systems are the geosphere (solid and molten rock, soil, and sediments), the hydrosphere (water and ice), the atmosphere (air), and the biosphere (living things, including humans). These systems interact in multiple ways to affect Earth\u2019s surface materials and processes. The ocean supports a variety of ecosystems and organisms, shapes landforms, and influences climate. Winds and clouds in the atmosphere interact with the landforms to determine patterns of weather.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["05"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"f07d4b98-9719-11ec-90ad-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/f07d4b98-9719-11ec-90ad-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Earth Materials and Systems","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS2.A","language":"en","educationLevel":["05"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"f07cdcb2-9719-11ec-861e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/f07cdcb2-9719-11ec-861e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["05"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"f07c5710-9719-11ec-821c-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/f07c5710-9719-11ec-821c-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Develop a model using an example to describe ways the geosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and/or atmosphere interact.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"5-ESS2-1","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Examples could include the influence of the ocean on ecosystems, landform shape, and climate; the influence of the atmosphere on landforms and ecosystems through weather and climate; or the influence of mountain ranges on winds and clouds in the atmosphere. The geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere are each a system.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**:  Assessment is limited to the interactions of two systems at a time.","language":"en","educationLevel":["05"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"f07be0d2-9719-11ec-91b4-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/f07be0d2-9719-11ec-91b4-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Earth's Systems","CFItemType":"Topic","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Topic","identifier":"334bdb88-7eba-11e7-a30f-b0c90b874ace","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/334bdb88-7eba-11e7-a30f-b0c90b874ace"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["05"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"f08094d8-9719-11ec-ab66-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/f08094d8-9719-11ec-ab66-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Describe and graph the amounts of salt water and fresh water in various reservoirs to provide evidence about the distribution of water on Earth.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"5-ESS2-2","notes":"**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment is limited to oceans, lakes, rivers, glaciers, ground water, and polar ice caps, and does not include the atmosphere.","language":"en","educationLevel":["05"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"f082a62e-9719-11ec-b831-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/f082a62e-9719-11ec-b831-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Nearly all of Earth\u2019s available water is in the ocean. 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representation of the energy before and after the transfer in the form of temperature changes or motion of an object.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment does not include calculations of energy.","language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"765bc942-97dd-11ec-bf50-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/765bc942-97dd-11ec-bf50-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"When the motion energy of an object changes, there is inevitably some other change in energy at the same time.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level 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world.","language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"766ff73c-97dd-11ec-9863-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/766ff73c-97dd-11ec-9863-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7670b1ae-97dd-11ec-a4b7-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7670b1ae-97dd-11ec-a4b7-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Analyze data from tests to determine similarities and differences among several design solutions to identify the best characteristics of each that can be combined into a new solution to better meet the criteria for success.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"6-ETS1-3","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Examples could include determining best materials to use for a building's roof or windows, etc.","language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7671f26c-97dd-11ec-9767-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7671f26c-97dd-11ec-9767-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"There are systematic processes for evaluating solutions with respect to how well they meet the criteria and constraints of a problem.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"76718eee-97dd-11ec-9a97-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/76718eee-97dd-11ec-9a97-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Developing Possible Solutions","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ETS1.B","language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"76712418-97dd-11ec-aafd-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/76712418-97dd-11ec-aafd-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core 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design may not perform the best across all tests, identifying the characteristics of the design that performed the best in each test can provide useful information for the redesign process, some of those characteristics may be incorporated into the new design.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"76736aa2-97dd-11ec-9e43-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/76736aa2-97dd-11ec-9e43-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Analyzing and Interpreting Data","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering 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project.","language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"76762a80-97dd-11ec-b0e6-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/76762a80-97dd-11ec-b0e6-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"A solution needs to be tested, and then modified on the basis of the test results, in order to improve it.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7675c4c8-97dd-11ec-a726-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7675c4c8-97dd-11ec-a726-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Developing Possible Solutions","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ETS1.B","language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"76755858-97dd-11ec-9e0e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/76755858-97dd-11ec-9e0e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core 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and modifying what is proposed on the basis of the test results leads to greater refinement and ultimately to an optimal solution.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"76779ece-97dd-11ec-a603-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/76779ece-97dd-11ec-a603-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Developing and Using Models","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Modeling in 6\u20138 builds on K\u20135 experiences and progresses to developing, using, and revising models to describe, test, and predict more abstract phenomena and design systems.","language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"76773c5e-97dd-11ec-97fd-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/76773c5e-97dd-11ec-97fd-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"766c812e-97dd-11ec-b6d6-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/766c812e-97dd-11ec-b6d6-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"766cf078-97dd-11ec-8209-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/766cf078-97dd-11ec-8209-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Asking Questions and Defining Problems","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Asking questions and defining problems in grades 6\u20138 builds on grades K\u20135 experiences and progresses to specifying relationships between variables, and clarifying arguments and models.","language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"8b95d5e0-97de-11ec-9438-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/8b95d5e0-97de-11ec-9438-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Use argument based on empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to support an explanation for how characteristic animal behaviors and specialized plant structures affect the probability of successful reproduction of animals and plants respectively.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"6-LS1-4","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Examples of behaviors that affect the probability of animal reproduction could include nest building to protect young from cold, herding of animals to protect young from predators, and vocalization of animals and colorful plumage to attract mates for breeding. Examples of animal behaviors that affect the probability of plant reproduction could include transferring pollen or seeds, and creating conditions for seed germination and growth. Examples of plant structures could include bright flowers attracting butterflies that transfer pollen, flower nectar and odors that attract insects that transfer pollen, and hard shells on nuts that squirrels bury.","language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"8b975b5e-97de-11ec-a75a-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/8b975b5e-97de-11ec-a75a-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Plants reproduce in a variety of ways, sometimes depending on animal behavior and specialized features for reproduction.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"8b96f18c-97de-11ec-b0f5-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/8b96f18c-97de-11ec-b0f5-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Growth and Development of Organisms","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"LS1.B","language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"8b968cd8-97de-11ec-8f43-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/8b968cd8-97de-11ec-8f43-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"8b982840-97de-11ec-9f52-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/8b982840-97de-11ec-9f52-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Engaging in Argument from Evidence","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Engaging in argument from evidence in 6\u20138 builds on K\u20135 experiences and progresses to constructing a convincing argument that supports or refutes claims for either explanations or solutions about the natural and designed world(s).","language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"8b97b1b2-97de-11ec-a84d-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/8b97b1b2-97de-11ec-a84d-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"8b987ec6-97de-11ec-b343-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/8b987ec6-97de-11ec-b343-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Use an oral and written argument supported by empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to support or refute an explanation or a model for a phenomenon or a solution to a problem.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"8b99aa1c-97de-11ec-b038-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/8b99aa1c-97de-11ec-b038-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Phenomena may have more than one cause, and some cause and effect relationships in systems can only be described using probability.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"8b9944be-97de-11ec-ac10-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/8b9944be-97de-11ec-ac10-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Cause and Effect","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"8b98d740-97de-11ec-a49f-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/8b98d740-97de-11ec-a49f-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"8e9b245c-97de-11ec-bf59-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/8e9b245c-97de-11ec-bf59-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Construct a scientific explanation based on evidence for how environmental and genetic factors influence the growth of organisms.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"6-LS1-5","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Examples of local environmental conditions could include availability of food, light, space, and water.  Examples of genetic factors could include large breed cattle and species of grass affecting growth of organisms. Examples of evidence could include drought decreasing plant growth, fertilizer increasing plant growth, different varieties of plant seeds growing at different rates in different conditions, and fish growing larger in large ponds than they do in small ponds.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment does not include genetic mechanisms, gene regulation, or biochemical processes.","language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"8e9c7a8c-97de-11ec-8e13-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/8e9c7a8c-97de-11ec-8e13-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Genetic factors as well as local conditions affect the growth of the adult plant.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"8e9c11aa-97de-11ec-a51a-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/8e9c11aa-97de-11ec-a51a-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Growth and Development of Organisms","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"LS1.B","language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"8e9ba562-97de-11ec-823a-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/8e9ba562-97de-11ec-823a-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"8e9d6c44-97de-11ec-8e7b-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/8e9d6c44-97de-11ec-8e7b-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Constructing explanations and designing solutions in 6\u20138 builds on K\u20135 experiences and progresses to include constructing explanations and designing solutions supported by multiple sources of evidence consistent with scientific knowledge, principles, and theories.","language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"8e9cdb1c-97de-11ec-bae3-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/8e9cdb1c-97de-11ec-bae3-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"8e9dccca-97de-11ec-a58e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/8e9dccca-97de-11ec-a58e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Construct a scientific explanation based on valid and reliable evidence obtained from sources (including the students\u2019 own experiments) and the assumption that theories and laws that describe the natural world operate today as they did in the past and will continue to do so in the future.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"8e9fbb34-97de-11ec-9187-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/8e9fbb34-97de-11ec-9187-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Phenomena may have more than one cause, and some cause and effect relationships in systems can only be described using probability.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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and the movement of water in the atmosphere, determined by winds, landforms, and ocean temperatures and currents, are major determinants of local weather patterns.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"fad9765a-97de-11ec-97d0-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/fad9765a-97de-11ec-97d0-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"The Roles of Water in Earth's Surface Processes","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS2.C","language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"fad90cce-97de-11ec-b340-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/fad90cce-97de-11ec-b340-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"fad86026-97de-11ec-af50-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/fad86026-97de-11ec-af50-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Collect data to provide evidence for how the motions and complex interactions of air masses results in changes in weather conditions.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"6-ESS2-5","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Emphasis is on how air masses flow from regions of high pressure to low pressure, causing weather (defined by temperature, pressure, humidity, precipitation, and wind) at a fixed location to change over time, and how sudden changes in weather can result when different air masses collide. Emphasis is on how weather can be predicted within probabilistic ranges. Examples of data can be provided to students (such as weather maps, diagrams, or visualizations) or obtained through laboratory experiments (such as with condensation).\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment does not include recalling the names of cloud types or weather symbols used on weather maps or the reported diagrams from weather stations.","language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"fadb12ee-97de-11ec-b608-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/fadb12ee-97de-11ec-b608-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering 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solutions.","language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"fadbd670-97de-11ec-954b-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/fadbd670-97de-11ec-954b-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"fadca438-97de-11ec-930b-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/fadca438-97de-11ec-930b-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Cause and effect relationships may be used to predict phenomena in natural or designed systems.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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Climate","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS2.D","language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"fadab290-97de-11ec-8271-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/fadab290-97de-11ec-8271-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Because these patterns are so complex, weather can only be predicted probabilistically.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"fade5c10-97de-11ec-9789-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/fade5c10-97de-11ec-9789-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Variations in density due to variations in temperature and salinity drive a global pattern of interconnected ocean currents.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"faddf838-97de-11ec-b416-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/faddf838-97de-11ec-b416-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"The Roles of Water in Earth's Surface Processes","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS2.C","language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"fadd8448-97de-11ec-830e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/fadd8448-97de-11ec-830e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"fadd0842-97de-11ec-b192-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/fadd0842-97de-11ec-b192-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Develop and use a model to describe how unequal heating and rotation of the Earth cause patterns of atmospheric and oceanic circulation that determine regional climates.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"6-ESS2-6","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Emphasis is on how patterns vary by latitude, altitude, and geographic land distribution. Emphasis of atmospheric circulation is on the sunlight-driven latitudinal banding, the Coriolis effect, and resulting prevailing winds; emphasis of ocean circulation is on the transfer of heat by the global ocean convection cycle, which is constrained by the Coriolis effect and the outlines of continents. Examples of models could be diagrams, maps and globes, or digital representations.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment does not include the dynamics of the Coriolis effect.","language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"fadf8536-97de-11ec-b418-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/fadf8536-97de-11ec-b418-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"fadfe9d6-97de-11ec-80f0-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/fadfe9d6-97de-11ec-80f0-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Developing and Using Models","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Modeling in 6\u20138 builds on K\u20135 experiences and progresses to developing, using, and revising models to describe, test, and predict more abstract phenomena and design systems.","language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"fae04188-97de-11ec-a41d-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/fae04188-97de-11ec-a41d-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"fae110cc-97de-11ec-a482-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/fae110cc-97de-11ec-a482-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Models can be used to represent systems and their interactions\u2014such as inputs, processes and outputs\u2014and energy, matter, and information flows within systems.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"fae0a74a-97de-11ec-ac9b-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/fae0a74a-97de-11ec-ac9b-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Systems and System Models","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"fadeb516-97de-11ec-afe2-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/fadeb516-97de-11ec-afe2-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Weather and Climate","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS2.D","language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"fadf29b0-97de-11ec-babc-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/fadf29b0-97de-11ec-babc-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Weather and climate are influenced by interactions involving sunlight, the ocean, the atmosphere, ice, landforms, and living things. These interactions vary with latitude, altitude, and local and regional geography, all of which can affect oceanic and atmospheric flow patterns.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"21f2a8b0-97df-11ec-a61e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/21f2a8b0-97df-11ec-a61e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Ask questions to clarify evidence of the factors that have caused the rise in global temperatures over the past century.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"6-ESS3-5","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Examples of factors include human activities (such as fossil fuel combustion, cement production, or agricultural activity) and natural processes (such as changes in incoming solar radiation or volcanic activity). Examples of evidence could include tables, graphs, and maps of global and regional temperatures, atmospheric levels of gases such as carbon dioxide or methane, and the rates of human activities. Emphasis is on the major role that human activities play in causing the rise in global temperatures.","language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"21f3f44a-97df-11ec-93b4-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/21f3f44a-97df-11ec-93b4-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Human activities, such as the release of greenhouse gases from burning fossil fuels, are major factors in the current rise in Earth\u2019s mean surface temperature (global warming). Reducing the level of climate change and reducing human vulnerability to whatever climate changes do occur depend on the understanding of climate science, engineering capabilities, and other kinds of knowledge, such as understanding of human behavior and on applying that knowledge wisely in decisions and activities.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["06"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"21f392fc-97df-11ec-b889-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/21f392fc-97df-11ec-b889-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Global Climate 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Examples of designs could involve chemical processes such as dissolving ammonium chloride or calcium chloride or chemical reactions such as burning.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment is limited to the criteria of amount, time, and temperature of substance in testing the device.","language":"en","educationLevel":["07"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"0f7ac3b4-98e5-11ec-8b27-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/0f7ac3b4-98e5-11ec-8b27-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Some chemical reactions release energy, others store energy.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level 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criteria and constraints.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["07"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"0f7f02c6-98e5-11ec-aaef-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/0f7f02c6-98e5-11ec-aaef-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"The transfer of energy can be tracked as energy flows through a designed or natural system.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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predicts patterns of interactions among organisms across multiple ecosystems.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"7-LS2-2","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Emphasis is on predicting consistent patterns of interactions in different ecosystems in terms of the relationships among and between organisms and abiotic components of ecosystems. Examples of types of interactions could include competitive, predatory, and mutually beneficial.","language":"en","educationLevel":["07"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"30c791dc-98e5-11ec-808b-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/30c791dc-98e5-11ec-808b-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Similarly, predatory interactions may reduce the number of organisms or eliminate whole populations of organisms. Mutually beneficial interactions, in contrast, may become so interdependent that each organism requires the other for survival. Although the species involved in these competitive, predatory, and mutually beneficial interactions vary across ecosystems, the patterns of interactions of organisms with their environments, both living and nonliving, are shared.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["07"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"30c72634-98e5-11ec-930f-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/30c72634-98e5-11ec-930f-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"LS2.A","language":"en","educationLevel":["07"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"30c6b5d2-98e5-11ec-9621-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/30c6b5d2-98e5-11ec-9621-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core 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theories.","language":"en","educationLevel":["07"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"30c7f294-98e5-11ec-af6d-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/30c7f294-98e5-11ec-af6d-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["07"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"30c99edc-98e5-11ec-ac07-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/30c99edc-98e5-11ec-ac07-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Construct an explanation that includes qualitative or quantitative relationships between variables that predict phenomena.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering 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Examples of design solution constraints could include scientific, economic, and social considerations.","language":"en","educationLevel":["07"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"358a3972-98e5-11ec-bbf9-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/358a3972-98e5-11ec-bbf9-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Biodiversity describes the variety of species found in Earth\u2019s terrestrial and oceanic ecosystems. The completeness or integrity of an ecosystem\u2019s biodiversity is often used as a measure of its health.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["07"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3589cf14-98e5-11ec-a243-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3589cf14-98e5-11ec-a243-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning, and Resilience","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"LS2.C","language":"en","educationLevel":["07"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3589599e-98e5-11ec-a830-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3589599e-98e5-11ec-a830-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core 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food, energy, and medicines, as well as ecosystem services that humans rely on\u2014for example, water purification and recycling.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["07"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"358bceae-98e5-11ec-8a8c-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/358bceae-98e5-11ec-8a8c-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Engaging in Argument from Evidence","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Engaging in argument from evidence in 6\u20138 builds on K\u20135 experiences and progresses to constructing a convincing argument that supports or refutes claims for either explanations or solutions about the natural and designed world(s).","language":"en","educationLevel":["07"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"358b5b90-98e5-11ec-9f47-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/358b5b90-98e5-11ec-9f47-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["07"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"358c24b2-98e5-11ec-995e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/358c24b2-98e5-11ec-995e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Evaluate competing design solutions based on jointly developed and agreed-upon design criteria.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["07"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"358d5742-98e5-11ec-b7f8-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/358d5742-98e5-11ec-b7f8-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Small changes in one part of a system might cause large changes in another part.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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systems.","language":"en","educationLevel":["07"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"77822236-98e5-11ec-b24b-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/77822236-98e5-11ec-b24b-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["07"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7783b89e-98e5-11ec-8212-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7783b89e-98e5-11ec-8212-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"The transfer of energy can be tracked as energy flows through a natural system.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["07"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"77834a8a-98e5-11ec-b1a7-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/77834a8a-98e5-11ec-b1a7-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Energy and Matter","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["07"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7782e2f2-98e5-11ec-bb3a-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7782e2f2-98e5-11ec-bb3a-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting 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evaluating empirical evidence supporting arguments about changes to ecosystems.","language":"en","educationLevel":["07"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7c29c0c8-98e5-11ec-89f5-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7c29c0c8-98e5-11ec-89f5-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Ecosystems are dynamic in nature; their characteristics can vary over time. Disruptions to any physical or biological component of an ecosystem can lead to shifts in all its populations.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["07"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7c295a48-98e5-11ec-a8f7-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7c295a48-98e5-11ec-a8f7-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning, and Resilience","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"LS2.C","language":"en","educationLevel":["07"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7c28f2ba-98e5-11ec-8e10-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7c28f2ba-98e5-11ec-8e10-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core 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world(s).","language":"en","educationLevel":["07"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7c2a1c80-98e5-11ec-b235-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7c2a1c80-98e5-11ec-b235-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["07"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7c2ba122-98e5-11ec-b133-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7c2ba122-98e5-11ec-b133-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Small changes in one part of a system might cause large changes in another part.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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Arkansas specific examples of geologic materials include Karst, bauxite, and diamonds.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment does not include the identification and naming of minerals.","language":"en","educationLevel":["07"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"9be3280a-98e5-11ec-bd95-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/9be3280a-98e5-11ec-bd95-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"All Earth processes are the result of energy flowing and matter cycling within and among the planet\u2019s systems. This energy is derived from the sun and Earth\u2019s hot interior. The energy that flows and matter that cycles produce chemical and physical changes in Earth\u2019s materials and living organisms.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["07"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"9be2c07c-98e5-11ec-9209-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/9be2c07c-98e5-11ec-9209-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Earth\u2019s Materials and 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systems.","language":"en","educationLevel":["07"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"9be3834a-98e5-11ec-a781-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/9be3834a-98e5-11ec-a781-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["07"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"9be5259c-98e5-11ec-9cd3-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/9be5259c-98e5-11ec-9cd3-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Explanations of stability and change in natural or designed systems can be constructed by examining the changes over time and processes at different scales, including the atomic scale.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["07"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"9be4b5da-98e5-11ec-aff7-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/9be4b5da-98e5-11ec-aff7-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Stability and Change","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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Examples of uneven distributions of resources as a result of past processes include but are not limited to petroleum (locations of the burial of organic marine sediments and subsequent geologic traps), metal ores (locations of past volcanic and hydrothermal activity associated with subduction zones), and soil (locations of active weathering and/or deposition of rock).","language":"en","educationLevel":["07"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a12fed3e-98e5-11ec-b25f-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a12fed3e-98e5-11ec-b25f-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Humans depend on Earth\u2019s land, ocean, atmosphere, and biosphere for many different resources. Minerals, fresh water, and biosphere resources are limited, and many are not renewable or replaceable over human lifetimes. These resources are distributed unevenly around the planet as a result of past geologic processes.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["07"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a12f81b4-98e5-11ec-a0db-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a12f81b4-98e5-11ec-a0db-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Natural 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theories.","language":"en","educationLevel":["07"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a13049e6-98e5-11ec-bd0e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a13049e6-98e5-11ec-bd0e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["07"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a131e2e2-98e5-11ec-b54d-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a131e2e2-98e5-11ec-b54d-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Cause and effect relationships may be used to predict phenomena in natural or designed systems.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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shapes of the continents (including continental shelves), and the locations of ocean structures (such as ridges, fracture zones, or trenches).\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Paleomagnetic anomalies in oceanic and continental crust are not assessed.","language":"en","educationLevel":["07"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"bfc1305a-98e5-11ec-a32c-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/bfc1305a-98e5-11ec-a32c-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Tectonic processes continually generate new ocean sea floor at ridges and destroy old sea floor at trenches.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level 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analysis.","language":"en","educationLevel":["07"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"bfc24698-98e5-11ec-a04d-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/bfc24698-98e5-11ec-a04d-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["07"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"bfc3c766-98e5-11ec-ac38-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/bfc3c766-98e5-11ec-ac38-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Patterns in rates of change and other numerical relationships can provide information about natural systems.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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thinking.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment does not include electromagnetic waves and is limited to standard repeating waves\r\n.","language":"en","educationLevel":["08"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"f875a50e-9a69-11ec-9a75-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/f875a50e-9a69-11ec-9a75-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"A simple wave has a repeating pattern with a specific wavelength, frequency, and amplitude.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["08"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"f8753d44-9a69-11ec-9703-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/f8753d44-9a69-11ec-9703-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Wave 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force that the second object exerts on the first, but in the opposite direction (Newton\u2019s third law).","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["08"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"184dc0c8-9a6a-11ec-8556-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/184dc0c8-9a6a-11ec-8556-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Forces and 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theories.","language":"en","educationLevel":["08"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"184e8404-9a6a-11ec-b5df-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/184e8404-9a6a-11ec-b5df-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["08"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"1850291c-9a6a-11ec-a493-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/1850291c-9a6a-11ec-a493-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Models can be used to represent systems and their interactions\u2014such as inputs, processes and outputs\u2014and energy and matter flows within systems.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["08"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"184fb4f0-9a6a-11ec-8cb2-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/184fb4f0-9a6a-11ec-8cb2-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Systems and System Models","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["08"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"184f4ae2-9a6a-11ec-9083-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/184f4ae2-9a6a-11ec-9083-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["08"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"1c75b304-9a6a-11ec-a211-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/1c75b304-9a6a-11ec-a211-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Plan an investigation to provide evidence that the change in an object\u2019s motion depends on the sum of the forces on the object and the mass of the object.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"MS-PS2-2","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Emphasis is on balanced (Newton\u2019s First Law) and unbalanced forces in a system, qualitative comparisons of forces, mass and changes in motion (Newton\u2019s Second Law), frame of reference, and specification of units.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment is limited to forces and changes in motion in one dimension in an inertial reference frame and to change in one variable at a time. Assessment does not include the use of trigonometry.","language":"en","educationLevel":["08"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"1c7719c4-9a6a-11ec-b6de-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/1c7719c4-9a6a-11ec-b6de-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"The motion of an object is determined by the sum of the forces acting on it; if the total force on the object is not zero, its motion will change. The greater the mass of the object, the greater the force needed to achieve the same change in motion. For any given object, a larger force causes a larger change in motion.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["06","07","08"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"1c76aa84-9a6a-11ec-bcf3-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/1c76aa84-9a6a-11ec-bcf3-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Forces and 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solutions.","language":"en","educationLevel":["08"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"1c7774f0-9a6a-11ec-b52b-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/1c7774f0-9a6a-11ec-b52b-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["08"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"1c79109e-9a6a-11ec-9b7a-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/1c79109e-9a6a-11ec-9b7a-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Explanations of stability and change in natural or designed systems can be constructed by examining the changes over time and forces at different scales.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting 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generators. Examples of data could include the effect of the number of turns of wire on the strength of an electromagnet, or the effect of increasing the number or strength of magnets on the speed of an electric motor.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment about questions that require quantitative answers is limited to proportional reasoning and algebraic thinking.","language":"en","educationLevel":["08"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"2067ac92-9a6a-11ec-827b-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/2067ac92-9a6a-11ec-827b-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Electric and magnetic (electromagnetic) forces can be attractive or repulsive, and their sizes depend on the magnitudes of the charges, currents, or magnetic strengths involved and on the distances between the interacting objects.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level 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models.","language":"en","educationLevel":["08"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"20680a48-9a6a-11ec-9a3e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/20680a48-9a6a-11ec-9a3e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["08"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"2069af6a-9a6a-11ec-af06-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/2069af6a-9a6a-11ec-af06-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Cause and effect relationships may be used to predict phenomena in natural or designed systems.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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interaction, distance from the Sun, and orbital periods of objects within the solar system or data generated from simulations or digital tools.\r\n\r\n**North Dakota Connection**: Assessment does not include Newton\u2019s Law of Gravitation or Kepler\u2019s Laws.","language":"en","educationLevel":["08"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"244e90be-9a6a-11ec-a003-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/244e90be-9a6a-11ec-a003-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Gravitational forces are always attractive. There is a gravitational force between any two masses, but it is very small except when one or both of the objects have large mass\u2014e.g., Earth and the sun.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["08"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"244e2322-9a6a-11ec-9fbb-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/244e2322-9a6a-11ec-9fbb-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Types of 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world.","language":"en","educationLevel":["08"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"244ef144-9a6a-11ec-9e86-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/244ef144-9a6a-11ec-9e86-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["08"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"24509710-9a6a-11ec-8900-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/24509710-9a6a-11ec-8900-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Models can be used to represent systems and their interactions\u2014such as inputs, processes and outputs\u2014and energy and matter flows within systems.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["08"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"245026cc-9a6a-11ec-b09d-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/245026cc-9a6a-11ec-b09d-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Systems and System Models","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["08"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"244fbc64-9a6a-11ec-b782-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/244fbc64-9a6a-11ec-b782-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting 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could include the interactions of magnets, electrically-charged strips of tape, and electrically-charged pith balls. Examples of investigations could include first-hand experiences or simulations.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment is limited to electric and magnetic fields, and is limited to qualitative evidence for the existence of fields.","language":"en","educationLevel":["08"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"288b5054-9a6a-11ec-818e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/288b5054-9a6a-11ec-818e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Forces that act at a distance (electric, magnetic, and gravitational) can be explained by fields that extend through space and can be mapped by their effect on a test object (a charged object, or a ball, respectively).","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level 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Examples could include riding a bicycle at different speeds, rolling different sized rocks downhill, or getting hit by a plastic ball versus a tennis ball.","language":"en","educationLevel":["08"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"424d4a24-9a6a-11ec-b481-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/424d4a24-9a6a-11ec-b481-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Motion energy is properly called kinetic energy; it is proportional to the mass of the moving object and grows with the square of its speed.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level 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analysis.","language":"en","educationLevel":["08"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"424dabd6-9a6a-11ec-bea2-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/424dabd6-9a6a-11ec-bea2-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["08"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"424f3b86-9a6a-11ec-9417-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/424f3b86-9a6a-11ec-9417-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Proportional relationships (e.g. speed as the ratio of distance traveled to time taken) among different types of quantities provide information about the magnitude of properties and processes.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["08"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"424ed498-9a6a-11ec-bff0-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/424ed498-9a6a-11ec-bff0-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Scale, Proportion, and Quantity","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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Examples of models could include representations, diagrams, pictures, or written descriptions of systems.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment is limited to two objects and electric, magnetic, and gravitational interactions.","language":"en","educationLevel":["08"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"47c73abe-9a6a-11ec-80f4-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/47c73abe-9a6a-11ec-80f4-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"A system of objects may also contain stored (potential) energy, depending on their relative positions.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level 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Emphasis is on magnetic processes in the sun and their effects on the solar surface and space weather.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"34a45b12-a184-11ec-805f-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/34a45b12-a184-11ec-805f-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"The foundation for Earth\u2019s global climate systems is the electromagnetic radiation from the sun, as well as its reflection, absorption, storage, and redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and land systems, and this energy\u2019s re-radiation into space.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"34a3ceb8-a184-11ec-a63f-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/34a3ceb8-a184-11ec-a63f-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Weather and Climate","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS2.D","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"34a344c0-a184-11ec-9240-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/34a344c0-a184-11ec-9240-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"34a4e4ba-a184-11ec-aff2-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/34a4e4ba-a184-11ec-aff2-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Definitions of Energy","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"PS3.A","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"34a566d8-a184-11ec-b98d-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/34a566d8-a184-11ec-b98d-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Energy is a quantitative property of a system that depends on the motion and interactions of matter and radiation within that system. 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Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"586cf190-aa98-11ec-9d1b-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/586cf190-aa98-11ec-9d1b-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"586d6d3c-aa98-11ec-92d7-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/586d6d3c-aa98-11ec-92d7-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Use a model based on evidence to illustrate the relationships between systems or between components of a system.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"586d32b8-aa98-11ec-8a71-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/586d32b8-aa98-11ec-8a71-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Developing and Using Models","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Modeling in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to using, synthesizing, and developing models to predict and show relationships among variables between systems and their components in the natural and designed worlds.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"586fb3f8-aa98-11ec-88d6-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/586fb3f8-aa98-11ec-88d6-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"As matter and energy flow through different organizational levels of living systems, chemical elements are recombined in different ways to form different products.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"586f7b72-aa98-11ec-8032-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/586f7b72-aa98-11ec-8032-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"LS1.C","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"586f2faa-aa98-11ec-9339-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/586f2faa-aa98-11ec-9339-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"586ef936-aa98-11ec-872d-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/586ef936-aa98-11ec-872d-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Use a model to illustrate that cellular respiration is a chemical process whereby the bonds of food molecules and oxygen molecules are broken and the bonds in new compounds are formed resulting in a net transfer of energy.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"BI-LS1-7","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Emphasis is on the conceptual understanding of the inputs and outputs of the process of cellular respiration.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment should not include identification of the steps or specific processes involved in cellular respiration.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"58716c48-aa98-11ec-8b1a-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/58716c48-aa98-11ec-8b1a-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Photosynthesis and cellular respiration (including anaerobic processes) provide most of the energy for life processes.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"58712d0a-aa98-11ec-a18a-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/58712d0a-aa98-11ec-a18a-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"LS2.B","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"5870e7f0-aa98-11ec-8810-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/5870e7f0-aa98-11ec-8810-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"5870a18c-aa98-11ec-bfce-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/5870a18c-aa98-11ec-bfce-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Construct and revise an explanation based on evidence for the cycling of matter and flow of energy in aerobic and anaerobic conditions.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"BI-LS2-3","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Emphasis is on conceptual understanding of the role of aerobic and anaerobic respiration in different environments.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment does not include the specific chemical processes of either aerobic or anaerobic respiration.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"5872b74c-aa98-11ec-8a45-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/5872b74c-aa98-11ec-8a45-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Constructing explanations and designing solutions in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to explanations and designs that are supported by multiple and independent student-generated sources of evidence consistent with scientific ideas, principles, and theories.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"58732416-aa98-11ec-86ae-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/58732416-aa98-11ec-86ae-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Construct and revise an explanation based on valid and reliable evidence obtained from a variety of sources (including students\u2019 own investigations, models, theories, simulations, peer review) and the assumption that theories and laws that describe the natural world operate today as they did in the past and will continue to do so in the future.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"5872eed8-aa98-11ec-a846-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/5872eed8-aa98-11ec-a846-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Constructing explanations and designing solutions in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to explanations and designs that are supported by multiple and independent student-generated sources of evidence consistent with scientific ideas, principles, and theories.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"623efe2a-aa98-11ec-8841-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/623efe2a-aa98-11ec-8841-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Use mathematical representations to support claims for the cycling of matter and flow of energy among organisms in an ecosystem.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"BI-LS2-4","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: This PE is fully addressed in this course. Emphasis is on the transfer of energy and matter between trophic levels and the relative proportion of organisms at each trophic level.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment is limited to proportional reasoning to describe the cycling of matter and flow of energy.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"623fe9b6-aa98-11ec-9711-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/623fe9b6-aa98-11ec-9711-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Plants or algae form the lowest level of the food web. At each link upward in a food web, only a small fraction of the matter consumed at the lower level is transferred upward, to produce growth and release energy in cellular respiration at the higher level. Given this inefficiency, there are generally fewer organisms at higher levels of a food web. Some matter reacts to release energy for life functions, some matter is stored in newly made structures, and much is discarded. The chemical elements that make up the molecules of organisms pass through food webs and into and out of the atmosphere and soil, and they are combined and recombined in different ways. At each link in an ecosystem, matter and energy are conserved.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"623fa8ca-aa98-11ec-b9a0-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/623fa8ca-aa98-11ec-b9a0-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"LS2.B","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"623f5e1a-aa98-11ec-bed0-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/623f5e1a-aa98-11ec-bed0-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"624129d4-aa98-11ec-a07b-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/624129d4-aa98-11ec-a07b-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Energy cannot be created or destroyed\u2014it only moves between one place and another place, between objects and/or fields, or between systems.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"6240e3f2-aa98-11ec-a65a-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/6240e3f2-aa98-11ec-a65a-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Energy and Matter","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"6240a112-aa98-11ec-a204-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/6240a112-aa98-11ec-a204-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"6242a0a2-aa98-11ec-8711-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/6242a0a2-aa98-11ec-8711-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Use mathematical representations of phenomena or design solutions to support claims.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"62426556-aa98-11ec-8a26-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/62426556-aa98-11ec-8a26-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Mathematical and computational thinking in 9-12 builds on K-8 experiences and progresses to using algebraic thinking and analysis, a range of linear and nonlinear functions including trigonometric functions, exponentials and logarithms, and computational tools for statistical analysis to analyze, represent, and model data. Simple computational simulations are created and used based on mathematical models of basic assumptions.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"62421ed4-aa98-11ec-adce-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/62421ed4-aa98-11ec-adce-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"662c7350-aa98-11ec-8b54-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/662c7350-aa98-11ec-8b54-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis and 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oceans, and geosphere through chemical, physical, geological, and biological processes.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"662d3024-aa98-11ec-a52b-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/662d3024-aa98-11ec-a52b-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"LS2.B","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"662cdad4-aa98-11ec-a314-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/662cdad4-aa98-11ec-a314-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core 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Feedback mechanisms can encourage (through positive feedback) or discourage (negative feedback) what is going on inside the living system.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"0ce5ed90-aaa6-11ec-bab1-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/0ce5ed90-aaa6-11ec-bab1-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Structure and 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theories.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"0ce6bffe-aaa6-11ec-8100-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/0ce6bffe-aaa6-11ec-8100-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Plan and conduct an investigation individually and collaboratively to produce data to serve as the basis for evidence, and in the design: decide on types, how much, and accuracy of data needed to produce reliable measurements and consider limitations on the precision of the data (e.g., number of trials, cost, risk, time), and refine the design accordingly.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering 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carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen: their hydrocarbon backbones are used to make amino acids and other carbon-based molecules that can be assembled into larger molecules (proteins or DNA), used for example to form new cells.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"0ce80b52-aaa6-11ec-b8ff-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/0ce80b52-aaa6-11ec-b8ff-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in 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This fundamental tension affects the abundance (number of individuals) of species in any given ecosystem.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"664790cc-aacf-11ec-855e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/664790cc-aacf-11ec-855e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"LS2.A","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"66482406-aacf-11ec-ba58-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/66482406-aacf-11ec-ba58-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"6648930a-aacf-11ec-9b65-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/6648930a-aacf-11ec-9b65-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Using the concept of orders of magnitude allows one to understand how a model at one scale relates to a model at another scale.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"66485aa2-aacf-11ec-9fe5-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/66485aa2-aacf-11ec-9fe5-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Scale, Proportion, and Quantity","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"66498daa-aacf-11ec-96e3-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/66498daa-aacf-11ec-96e3-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"A complex set of interactions within an ecosystem can keep its numbers and types of organisms relatively constant over long periods of time under stable conditions. If a modest biological or physical disturbance to an ecosystem occurs, it may return to its more or less original status (i.e., the ecosystem is resilient), as opposed to becoming a very different ecosystem. Extreme fluctuations in conditions or the size of any population, however, can challenge the functioning of ecosystems in terms of resources and habitat availability.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"66494eee-aacf-11ec-9121-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/66494eee-aacf-11ec-9121-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning, and Resilience","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"LS2.C","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"664913f2-aacf-11ec-a4a0-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/664913f2-aacf-11ec-a4a0-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"6648c5dc-aacf-11ec-91da-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/6648c5dc-aacf-11ec-91da-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions, but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"BI-LS2-6","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Examples of changes in ecosystem conditions could include modest biological or physical changes, such as moderate hunting or a seasonal flood; and extreme changes, such as volcanic eruption or sea level rise.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"6649b834-aacf-11ec-b4f3-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/6649b834-aacf-11ec-b4f3-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Constructing explanations and designing solutions in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to explanations and designs that are supported by multiple and independent student-generated sources of evidence consistent with scientific ideas, principles, and theories.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"664a27b0-aacf-11ec-8eb4-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/664a27b0-aacf-11ec-8eb4-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning behind currently accepted explanations or solutions to determine the merits of arguments.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"6649edfe-aacf-11ec-85cc-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/6649edfe-aacf-11ec-85cc-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Engaging in Argument from Evidence","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Engaging in argument from evidence in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to using appropriate and sufficient evidence and scientific reasoning to defend and critique claims and explanations about the natural and designed world(s). Arguments may also come from current scientific or historical episodes in science.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"664a529e-aacf-11ec-99b8-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/664a529e-aacf-11ec-99b8-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"664ac5da-aacf-11ec-8bec-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/664ac5da-aacf-11ec-8bec-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"664a8cb4-aacf-11ec-9514-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/664a8cb4-aacf-11ec-9514-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Stability and Change","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"664ba89c-aacf-11ec-a3c5-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/664ba89c-aacf-11ec-a3c5-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Moreover, anthropogenic changes (induced by human activity) in the environment\u2014including habitat destruction, pollution, introduction of invasive species, overexploitation, and climate change\u2014can disrupt an ecosystem and threaten the survival of some species.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"664b7174-aacf-11ec-8c0e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/664b7174-aacf-11ec-8c0e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning, and Resilience","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"LS2.C","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"664b3bfa-aacf-11ec-bb48-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/664b3bfa-aacf-11ec-bb48-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"664af000-aacf-11ec-9741-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/664af000-aacf-11ec-9741-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Design, evaluate, and refine a solution for reducing the impacts of human activities on the environment and biodiversity.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"BI-LS2-7","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: This PE is fully addressed in this course. Emphasis is on the impact of human activities on biodiversity such as dissemination of invasive species, habitat degradation, and water quality.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment is to include student choice from multiple scenarios.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"664bd452-aacf-11ec-b6a5-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/664bd452-aacf-11ec-b6a5-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"664c443c-aacf-11ec-9da2-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/664c443c-aacf-11ec-9da2-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"664c0b34-aacf-11ec-a576-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/664c0b34-aacf-11ec-a576-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Stability and Change","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"664c6cb4-aacf-11ec-a52c-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/664c6cb4-aacf-11ec-a52c-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"664cdf00-aacf-11ec-bd1a-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/664cdf00-aacf-11ec-bd1a-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Design, evaluate, and refine a solution to a complex real-world problem, based on scientific knowledge, student-generated sources of evidence, prioritized criteria, and tradeoff considerations.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"664ca45e-aacf-11ec-88c2-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/664ca45e-aacf-11ec-88c2-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Constructing explanations and designing solutions in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to explanations and designs that are supported by multiple and independent student-generated sources of evidence consistent with scientific ideas, principles, and theories.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"664dccb2-aacf-11ec-befe-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/664dccb2-aacf-11ec-befe-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Group behavior has evolved because membership can increase the chances of survival for individuals and their genetic relatives.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"664d8cfc-aacf-11ec-8aa9-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/664d8cfc-aacf-11ec-8aa9-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Social Interactions and Group Behavior","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"LS2.D","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"664d4dfa-aacf-11ec-90fa-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/664d4dfa-aacf-11ec-90fa-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"664d0b6a-aacf-11ec-8f6d-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/664d0b6a-aacf-11ec-8f6d-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Evaluate the evidence for the role of group behavior on individual and species\u2019 chances to survive and reproduce.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"BI-LS2-8","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Emphasis is on: (1) distinguishing between group and individual behavior, (2) identifying evidence supporting the outcomes of group behavior, and (3) developing logical and reasonable arguments based on evidence. Examples of group behaviors could include flocking, schooling, herding, and cooperative behaviors such as hunting, migrating, and swarming.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"664e539e-aacf-11ec-92c4-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/664e539e-aacf-11ec-92c4-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"664ec824-aacf-11ec-880d-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/664ec824-aacf-11ec-880d-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and make claims about specific causes and effects.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"664e8f6c-aacf-11ec-8a86-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/664e8f6c-aacf-11ec-8a86-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Cause and Effect","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"664ef826-aacf-11ec-81c0-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/664ef826-aacf-11ec-81c0-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"664f66da-aacf-11ec-b4c9-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/664f66da-aacf-11ec-b4c9-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Evaluate the evidence behind currently accepted explanations to determine the merits of arguments.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"664f2f62-aacf-11ec-a88f-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/664f2f62-aacf-11ec-a88f-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Engaging in Argument from Evidence","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Engaging in argument from evidence in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to using appropriate and sufficient evidence and scientific reasoning to defend and critique claims and explanations about the natural and designed world(s). 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on another (e.g., linear growth vs. exponential growth).","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"2c13dfbc-aadb-11ec-804a-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/2c13dfbc-aadb-11ec-804a-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Scale, Proportion, and Quantity","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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concepts of statistics and probability (including determining function fits to data, slope, intercept, and correlation coefficient for linear fits) to scientific and engineering questions and problems, using digital tools when feasible.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"2c1477b0-aadb-11ec-93ed-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/2c1477b0-aadb-11ec-93ed-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Analyzing and Interpreting Data","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering 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Traits","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"LS3.A","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"0db3ba6c-aaed-11ec-b406-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/0db3ba6c-aaed-11ec-b406-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Each chromosome consists of a single very long DNA molecule, and each gene on the chromosome is a particular segment of that DNA. The instructions for forming species\u2019 characteristics are carried in DNA. All cells in an organism have the same genetic content, but the genes used (expressed) by the cell may be regulated in different ways. Not all DNA codes for a protein; some segments of DNA are involved in regulatory or structural functions, and some have no as-yet known function.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"1cfe46da-aaee-11ec-8e6a-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/1cfe46da-aaee-11ec-8e6a-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and engineering are influenced by society and society is influenced by science and engineering.","CFItemType":"Connections to the Nature of Science","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Connections to the Nature of Science","identifier":"3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"00127568-aaef-11ec-848a-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/00127568-aaef-11ec-848a-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Evolution by Natural Selection","CFItemType":"Topic","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Topic","identifier":"334bdb88-7eba-11e7-a30f-b0c90b874ace","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/334bdb88-7eba-11e7-a30f-b0c90b874ace"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"0013af96-aaef-11ec-a17f-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/0013af96-aaef-11ec-a17f-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Genetic information provides evidence of evolution. DNA sequences vary among species, but there are many overlaps; in fact, the ongoing branching that produces multiple lines of descent can be inferred by comparing the DNA sequences of different organisms. 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Examples of evidence could include similarities in DNA sequences, anatomical structures, and order of appearance of structures in embryological development.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"0013e006-aaef-11ec-80ad-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/0013e006-aaef-11ec-80ad-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"0014578e-aaef-11ec-bb94-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/0014578e-aaef-11ec-bb94-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Different patterns may be observed at each of the scales at which a system is studied and can provide evidence for causality in explanations of phenomena.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"001419f4-aaef-11ec-96c5-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/001419f4-aaef-11ec-96c5-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Patterns","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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designs.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"00160a02-aaef-11ec-a3bd-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/00160a02-aaef-11ec-a3bd-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Construct an explanation based on valid and reliable evidence obtained from a variety of sources (including students\u2019 own investigations, models, theories, simulations, peer review) and the assumption that theories and laws that describe the natural world operate today as they did in the past and will continue to do so in the future.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering 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ideas, principles, and theories.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"001589f6-aaef-11ec-8300-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/001589f6-aaef-11ec-8300-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"00153c8a-aaef-11ec-906a-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/00153c8a-aaef-11ec-906a-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Construct an explanation based on evidence that the process of evolution primarily results from four factors:  (1) the potential for a species to increase in number, (2) the heritable genetic variation of individuals in a species due to mutation and sexual reproduction, (3) competition for limited resources, and (4) the proliferation of those organisms that are better able to survive and reproduce in the environment.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"BI-LS4-2","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: :  Emphasis is on using evidence to explain the influence each of the four factors has on number of organisms, behaviors, morphology, or physiology in terms of ability to compete for limited resources and subsequent survival of individuals and adaptation of species. Examples of evidence could include mathematical models such as simple distribution graphs and proportional reasoning.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment does not include other mechanisms of evolution, such as genetic drift, gene flow through migration, and co-evolution.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"001638b0-aaef-11ec-85ea-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/001638b0-aaef-11ec-85ea-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core 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(1) variation in the genetic information between organisms in a population and (2) variation in the expression of that genetic information\u2014that is, trait variation\u2014that leads to differences in performance among individuals.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"0018274c-aaef-11ec-9b95-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/0018274c-aaef-11ec-9b95-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Natural Selection","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"LS4.B","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"0017ec82-aaef-11ec-abe4-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/0017ec82-aaef-11ec-abe4-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"0017a31c-aaef-11ec-97e0-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/0017a31c-aaef-11ec-97e0-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Apply concepts of statistics and probability to support explanations that organisms with an advantageous heritable trait tend to increase in proportion to organisms lacking this trait.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"BI-LS4-3","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Emphasis is on analyzing shifts in numerical distribution of traits and using these shifts as evidence to support explanations.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment is limited to basic statistical and graphical analysis. Assessment does not include allele frequency calculations.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"00188c0a-aaef-11ec-a4ca-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/00188c0a-aaef-11ec-a4ca-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Constructing explanations and designing solutions in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to explanations and designs that are supported by multiple and independent student-generated sources of evidence consistent with scientific ideas, principles, and theories.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"0019014e-aaef-11ec-9858-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/0019014e-aaef-11ec-9858-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Apply concepts of statistics and probability (including determining function fits to data, slope, intercept, and correlation coefficient for linear fits) to scientific and engineering questions and problems, using digital tools when feasible.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"0018c99a-aaef-11ec-acb6-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/0018c99a-aaef-11ec-acb6-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Analyzing and Interpreting Data","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Analyzing data in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to introducing more detailed statistical analysis, the comparison of data sets for consistency, and the use of models to generate and analyze data.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"00192f48-aaef-11ec-ade1-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/00192f48-aaef-11ec-ade1-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"0019a77a-aaef-11ec-a017-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/0019a77a-aaef-11ec-a017-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Different patterns may be observed at each of the scales at which a system is studied and can provide evidence for causality in explanations of phenomena.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"001969fe-aaef-11ec-8fef-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/001969fe-aaef-11ec-8fef-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Patterns","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"001a9900-aaef-11ec-8e6b-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/001a9900-aaef-11ec-8e6b-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Natural selection leads to adaptation, that is, to a population dominated by organisms that are anatomically, behaviorally, and physiologically well suited to survive and reproduce in a specific environment. That is, the differential survival and reproduction of organisms in a population that have an advantageous heritable trait leads to an increase in the proportion of individuals in future generations that have the trait and to a decrease in the proportion of individuals that do not.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"001a5986-aaef-11ec-9c14-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/001a5986-aaef-11ec-9c14-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Adaptation","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"LS4.C","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"001a20e2-aaef-11ec-8a45-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/001a20e2-aaef-11ec-8a45-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"0019d59c-aaef-11ec-8044-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/0019d59c-aaef-11ec-8044-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Construct an explanation based on evidence for how natural selection leads to adaptation of populations.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"BI-LS4-4","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Emphasis is on using data to provide evidence for how specific biotic and abiotic differences in ecosystems (such as ranges of seasonal temperature, long-term climate change, acidity, light, geographic barriers, or evolution of other organisms) contribute to a change in gene frequency over time, leading to adaptation of populations.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"001ac8b2-aaef-11ec-8d3b-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/001ac8b2-aaef-11ec-8d3b-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"001b3b76-aaef-11ec-a7f7-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/001b3b76-aaef-11ec-a7f7-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and make claims about specific causes and effects.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"001afe9a-aaef-11ec-b0bd-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/001afe9a-aaef-11ec-b0bd-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Cause and Effect","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"001b6312-aaef-11ec-8e4e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/001b6312-aaef-11ec-8e4e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"001bd2fc-aaef-11ec-9a7d-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/001bd2fc-aaef-11ec-9a7d-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Construct an explanation based on valid and reliable evidence obtained from a variety of sources (including students\u2019 own investigations, models, theories, simulations, peer review) and the assumption that theories and laws that describe the natural world operate today as they did in the past and will continue to do so in the future.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"001b985a-aaef-11ec-b37c-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/001b985a-aaef-11ec-b37c-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Constructing explanations and designing solutions in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138  experiences and progresses to explanations and designs that are supported by multiple and independent student-generated sources of evidence consistent with scientific ideas, principles, and theories.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"001cc6a8-aaef-11ec-9886-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/001cc6a8-aaef-11ec-9886-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Changes in the physical environment, whether naturally occurring or human induced, have thus contributed to the expansion of some species, the emergence of new distinct species as populations diverge under different conditions, and the decline\u2013and sometimes the extinction\u2013of some species.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"001c89ae-aaef-11ec-a32d-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/001c89ae-aaef-11ec-a32d-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Adaptation","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"LS4.C","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"001c4570-aaef-11ec-b381-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/001c4570-aaef-11ec-b381-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"001bfe3a-aaef-11ec-a728-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/001bfe3a-aaef-11ec-a728-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Evaluate the evidence supporting claims that changes in environmental conditions may result in:  (1) increases in the number of individuals of some species, (2) the emergence of new species over time, and (3) the extinction of other species.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"BI-LS4-5","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Emphasis is on determining cause and effect relationships for how changes to the environment such as deforestation, fishing, application of fertilizers, drought, flood, and the rate of change of the environment affect distribution or disappearance of traits in species.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"001d69b4-aaef-11ec-ad13-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/001d69b4-aaef-11ec-ad13-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"001dea1a-aaef-11ec-860b-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/001dea1a-aaef-11ec-860b-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and make claims about specific causes and effects.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"001dae88-aaef-11ec-a198-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/001dae88-aaef-11ec-a198-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Cause and Effect","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"001e185a-aaef-11ec-af7c-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/001e185a-aaef-11ec-af7c-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"001e8dc6-aaef-11ec-a887-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/001e8dc6-aaef-11ec-a887-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Evaluate the evidence behind currently accepted explanations or solutions to determine the merits of arguments.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"001e511c-aaef-11ec-b0e3-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/001e511c-aaef-11ec-b0e3-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Engaging in Argument from Evidence","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Engaging in argument from evidence in 9-12 builds on K-8 experiences and progresses to using appropriate and sufficient evidence and scientific reasoning to defend and critique claims and explanations about the natural and designed world(s). Arguments may also come from current or historical episodes in science.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"001d3854-aaef-11ec-92a2-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/001d3854-aaef-11ec-92a2-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Species become extinct because they can no longer survive and reproduce in their altered environment. If members cannot adjust to change that is too fast or drastic, the opportunity for the species\u2019 evolution is lost.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"001f7cea-aaef-11ec-aa85-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/001f7cea-aaef-11ec-aa85-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Gradual atmospheric changes were due to plants and other organisms that captured carbon dioxide and released oxygen.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"001f38b6-aaef-11ec-aeb0-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/001f38b6-aaef-11ec-aeb0-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Weather and Climate","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS2.D","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"001f00c6-aaef-11ec-934e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/001f00c6-aaef-11ec-934e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"001eb8e6-aaef-11ec-8ef2-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/001eb8e6-aaef-11ec-8ef2-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Construct an argument based on evidence about the simultaneous coevolution of Earth\u2019s systems and life on Earth.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"BI-ESS2-7","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: This PE is fully addressed in this course. Emphasis in the course is on developing a claim and evaluating and critiquing the evidence for simultaneous co-evolution. Emphasis is on the causes, effects, and feedback loops between the biosphere and Earth\u2019s other systems which continuously alters Earth\u2019s surface. Examples could include how photosynthetic life altered the atmosphere through the production of oxygen, which increased weathering rates and allowed for the evolution of animal life; how microbial life on land increased the formation of soil which allowed for the evolution of land plants; and how the evolution of corals created reefs which altered patterns of erosion and deposition along coastlines and provided habitats for the evolution of life forms.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment does not include a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of how the biosphere interacts with all of Earth\u2019s other systems.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"001fd514-aaef-11ec-b907-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/001fd514-aaef-11ec-b907-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"00204828-aaef-11ec-a5ec-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/00204828-aaef-11ec-a5ec-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"00200d18-aaef-11ec-b2b7-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/00200d18-aaef-11ec-b2b7-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Stability and Change","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"00207546-aaef-11ec-afca-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/00207546-aaef-11ec-afca-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"0020efee-aaef-11ec-8a4a-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/0020efee-aaef-11ec-8a4a-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Construct an oral and written argument or counter-arguments based on data and evidence.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"0020b416-aaef-11ec-ade4-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/0020b416-aaef-11ec-ade4-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Engaging in Argument from Evidence","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Engaging in argument from evidence in 9-12 builds on K-8 experiences and progresses to using appropriate and sufficient evidence and scientific reasoning to defend and critique claims and explanations about the natural and designed world(s). Arguments may also come from current or historical episodes in science.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"68d96c68-ab5e-11ec-96f6-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/68d96c68-ab5e-11ec-96f6-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Connections to Nature of Science","CFItemType":"Connections to the Nature of Science","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Connections to the Nature of Science","identifier":"3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"68d9e06c-ab5e-11ec-8b7f-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/68d9e06c-ab5e-11ec-8b7f-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"A scientific theory is a substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experiment and the science community validates each theory before it is accepted. If new evidence is discovered that the theory does not accommodate, the theory is generally modified in light of this new evidence.","CFItemType":"Connections to the Nature of Science","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Connections to the Nature of Science","identifier":"3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"68d9aa20-ab5e-11ec-b690-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/68d9aa20-ab5e-11ec-b690-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science Models, Laws, Mechanisms, and Theories Explain Natural Phenomena","CFItemType":"Connections to the Nature of Science","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Connections to the Nature of Science","identifier":"3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"c779ca4c-ab5e-11ec-bd79-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/c779ca4c-ab5e-11ec-bd79-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Adaptation","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"LS4.C","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"c77a0e94-ab5e-11ec-91b6-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/c77a0e94-ab5e-11ec-91b6-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Evolution is a consequence of the interaction of four factors: (1) the potential for a species to increase in number, (2) the genetic variation of individuals in a species due to mutation and sexual reproduction, (3) competition for an environment\u2019s limited supply of the resources that individuals need in order to survive and reproduce, and (4) the ensuing proliferation of those organisms that are better able to survive and reproduce in that environment.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3ea0b338-ab5f-11ec-a7d5-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3ea0b338-ab5f-11ec-a7d5-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"The traits that positively affect survival are more likely to be reproduced, and thus are more common in the population.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"d474dea2-ab5f-11ec-b2c0-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/d474dea2-ab5f-11ec-b2c0-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Adaptation","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"LS4.C","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"d4752a10-ab5f-11ec-aa8f-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/d4752a10-ab5f-11ec-aa8f-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Natural selection leads to adaptation, that is, to a population dominated by organisms that are anatomically, behaviorally, and physiologically well suited to survive and reproduce in a specific environment. That is, the differential survival and reproduction of organisms in a population that have an advantageous heritable trait leads to an increase in the proportion of individuals in future generations that have the trait and to a decrease in the proportion of individuals that do not.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"dc516d66-ab5f-11ec-a4da-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/dc516d66-ab5f-11ec-a4da-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Adaptation also means that the distribution of traits in a population can change when conditions change.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"aca8d558-ab60-11ec-ad15-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/aca8d558-ab60-11ec-ad15-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Biogeology","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS2.E","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"aca925e4-ab60-11ec-ac8d-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/aca925e4-ab60-11ec-ac8d-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"The many dynamic and delicate feedbacks between the biosphere and other Earth systems cause a continual co-evolution of Earth\u2019s surface and the life that exists on it.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3fb9c7c4-ab77-11ec-b49d-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3fb9c7c4-ab77-11ec-b49d-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Scientific Knowledge Assumes an Order and Consistency  in Natural Systems","CFItemType":"Connections to the Nature of Science","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Connections to the Nature of Science","identifier":"3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3fba0e5a-ab77-11ec-b6e0-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3fba0e5a-ab77-11ec-b6e0-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Scientific knowledge is based on the assumption that natural laws operate today as they did in the past and they will continue to do so in the future.","CFItemType":"Connections to the Nature of Science","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Connections to the Nature of Science","identifier":"3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"6e407eee-ab77-11ec-a858-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/6e407eee-ab77-11ec-a858-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Connections to Nature of Science","CFItemType":"Connections to the Nature of Science","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Connections to the Nature of 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feedback effects that can increase or decrease the original changes.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"15fb698c-ab78-11ec-818f-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/15fb698c-ab78-11ec-818f-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Earth Materials and Systems","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS2.A","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"15fb2b16-ab78-11ec-953c-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/15fb2b16-ab78-11ec-953c-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core 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ice, which reduces the amount of sunlight reflected from Earth\u2019s surface, increasing surface temperatures and further reducing the amount of ice. Examples could also be taken from other system interactions, such as how the loss of ground vegetation causes an increase in water runoff and soil erosion; how dammed rivers increase groundwater recharge, decrease sediment transport, and increase coastal erosion; or how the loss of wetlands causes a decrease in local humidity that further reduces the wetland extent.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"15fbcf9e-ab78-11ec-be55-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/15fbcf9e-ab78-11ec-be55-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"15fc3e5c-ab78-11ec-b4e5-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/15fc3e5c-ab78-11ec-b4e5-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Feedback (negative or positive) can stabilize or destabilize a system.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"15fc0748-ab78-11ec-b9b4-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/15fc0748-ab78-11ec-b9b4-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Stability and Change","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"15fc6a26-ab78-11ec-b6c6-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/15fc6a26-ab78-11ec-b6c6-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"15fcd84e-ab78-11ec-a798-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/15fcd84e-ab78-11ec-a798-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Analyze data using tools, technologies, and/or models (e.g., computational, mathematical) in order to make valid and reliable scientific claims or determine an optimal design solution.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"15fca194-ab78-11ec-9dd0-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/15fca194-ab78-11ec-9dd0-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Analyzing and Interpreting Data","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Analyzing data in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to introducing more detailed statistical analysis, the comparison of data sets for consistency, and the use of models to generate and analyze data.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"15fdb192-ab78-11ec-8e60-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/15fdb192-ab78-11ec-8e60-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Use a model to provide mechanistic accounts of phenomena.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"15fd7d76-ab78-11ec-ae6a-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/15fd7d76-ab78-11ec-ae6a-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Developing and Using Models","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering 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activity, ocean circulation, solar output; 10-100s of thousands of years: changes to Earth's orbit and the orientation of its axis; and 10-100s of millions of years: long-term changes in atmospheric composition.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment of the results of changes in climate is limited to changes in surface temperatures, precipitation patterns, glacial ice volumes, sea levels, and biosphere distribution.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"15fdd8ac-ab78-11ec-8241-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/15fdd8ac-ab78-11ec-8241-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core 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These phenomena cause a cycle of ice ages and other gradual climate changes.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"15fe0ac0-ab78-11ec-8078-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/15fe0ac0-ab78-11ec-8078-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Earth and the Solar System","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS1.B","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"15fea552-ab78-11ec-bf93-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/15fea552-ab78-11ec-bf93-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"15ff1492-ab78-11ec-84e3-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/15ff1492-ab78-11ec-84e3-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and make claims about specific causes and effects.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"15fede00-ab78-11ec-98bf-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/15fede00-ab78-11ec-98bf-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Cause and Effect","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"15fffc68-ab78-11ec-9f34-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/15fffc68-ab78-11ec-9f34-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"The abundance of liquid water on Earth\u2019s surface and its unique combination of physical and chemical properties are central to the planet\u2019s dynamics. These properties include water\u2019s exceptional capacity to absorb, store, and release large amounts of energy, transmit sunlight, expand upon freezing, dissolve and transport materials, and lower the viscosities and melting points of rocks.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"15ffbf14-ab78-11ec-9d18-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/15ffbf14-ab78-11ec-9d18-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"The Roles of Water in Earth\u2019s Surface Processes","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS2.C","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"15ff84c2-ab78-11ec-91b8-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/15ff84c2-ab78-11ec-91b8-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"15ff4192-ab78-11ec-a198-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/15ff4192-ab78-11ec-a198-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Plan and conduct an investigation of the properties of water and its effects on Earth materials and surface processes.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"BI-ESS2-5","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: This PE is partially addressed in this course. Emphasis is on the properties of water and the water cycle.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"16002904-ab78-11ec-bb5a-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/16002904-ab78-11ec-bb5a-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Constructing explanations and designing solutions in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to explanations and designs that are supported by multiple and independent student-generated sources of evidence consistent with scientific ideas, principles, and 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Analysis of costs and benefits is a critical aspect of decisions about technology.","CFItemType":"Connections to Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Connections to Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science","identifier":"1215fbff-ff4a-5df8-a228-f6e04e78b77e","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/1215fbff-ff4a-5df8-a228-f6e04e78b77e"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"385ed4c8-ab9b-11ec-b1ed-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/385ed4c8-ab9b-11ec-b1ed-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Influence of Science, Engineering, and Technology on Society and the Natural World","CFItemType":"Connections to Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Connections to Engineering, Technology, and Applications of 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climate systems is the electromagnetic radiation from the sun, as well as its reflection, absorption, storage, and redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and land systems, and this energy\u2019s re-radiation into space.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"179181d6-ab9c-11ec-aa44-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/179181d6-ab9c-11ec-aa44-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"The foundation for Earth\u2019s global climate systems is the electromagnetic radiation from the sun, as well as its reflection, absorption, storage, and redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and land systems, and this energy\u2019s re-radiation into space.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bcb9270-ab9d-11ec-adc7-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bcb9270-ab9d-11ec-adc7-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Human Impacts on Earth\u2019s Systems","CFItemType":"Topic","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Topic","identifier":"334bdb88-7eba-11e7-a30f-b0c90b874ace","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/334bdb88-7eba-11e7-a30f-b0c90b874ace"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bccd05e-ab9d-11ec-893a-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bccd05e-ab9d-11ec-893a-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Resource availability has guided the development of human society.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bcc985a-ab9d-11ec-8ecd-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bcc985a-ab9d-11ec-8ecd-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Natural Resources","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS3.A","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bcc59e4-ab9d-11ec-9a5e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bcc59e4-ab9d-11ec-9a5e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core 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in this course. Emphasis is on the way climate change has impacted human populations and how natural resources and natural hazards impact human societies. Examples of climate change results which affect populations or drive mass migrations could include changes to sea level, regional patterns of temperature and precipitation, and types of crops and livestock available. Examples of the dependence of human populations on technology to acquire natural resources and to avoid natural hazards could include damming rivers, natural gas fracking, thunderstorm sirens, and severe weather text alerts.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bccfb60-ab9d-11ec-bd37-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bccfb60-ab9d-11ec-bd37-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bcd70cc-ab9d-11ec-b297-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bcd70cc-ab9d-11ec-b297-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and make claims about specific causes and effects.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bcd3918-ab9d-11ec-b344-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bcd3918-ab9d-11ec-b344-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Cause and Effect","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bcda074-ab9d-11ec-aa81-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bcda074-ab9d-11ec-aa81-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bce137e-ab9d-11ec-93b5-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bce137e-ab9d-11ec-93b5-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Construct an explanation based on valid and reliable evidence obtained from a variety of sources (including students\u2019 own investigations, models, theories, simulations, peer review) and the assumption that theories and laws that describe the natural world operate today as they did in the past and will continue to do so in the future.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bcdd986-ab9d-11ec-843b-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bcdd986-ab9d-11ec-843b-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Constructing explanations and designing solutions in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138  experiences and progresses to explanations and designs that are supported by multiple and independent student-generated sources of evidence consistent with scientific knowledge, principles, and theories.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bcefc94-ab9d-11ec-8613-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bcefc94-ab9d-11ec-8613-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Evaluate competing design solutions to a real-world problem based on scientific ideas and principles, empirical evidence, and logical arguments regarding relevant factors (e.g. economic, societal, environmental, ethical considerations).","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bcebebe-ab9d-11ec-97ac-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bcebebe-ab9d-11ec-97ac-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Engaging in Argument from Evidence","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Engaging in argument from evidence in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to using appropriate and sufficient evidence and scientific reasoning to defend and critique claims and explanations about natural and designed world(s). Arguments may also come from current scientific or historical episodes in science.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bce82f0-ab9d-11ec-be97-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bce82f0-ab9d-11ec-be97-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bce3fc0-ab9d-11ec-8778-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bce3fc0-ab9d-11ec-8778-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Evaluate competing design solutions for developing, managing, and utilizing energy and mineral resources based on cost-benefit ratios.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"BI-ESS3-2","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: This PE is fully addressed in this course. Emphasis is on the designs of possible solutions. Emphasis is on the conservation, recycling, and reuse of resources (minerals and metals), and on minimizing impacts. Examples could include developing best practices for agricultural soil use, mining (coal, tar sands, and oil shales), and pumping (petroleum and natural gas).","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bcf2a34-ab9d-11ec-bb0a-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bcf2a34-ab9d-11ec-bb0a-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bcf9e56-ab9d-11ec-8267-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bcf9e56-ab9d-11ec-8267-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"All forms of energy production and other resource extraction have associated economic, social, environmental, and geopolitical costs and risks as well as benefits. New technologies and social regulations can change the balance of these factors.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bcf6364-ab9d-11ec-8bc6-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bcf6364-ab9d-11ec-8bc6-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Natural Resources","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS3.A","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bd139fa-ab9d-11ec-9291-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bd139fa-ab9d-11ec-9291-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"The sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bd0fc7e-ab9d-11ec-92c2-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bd0fc7e-ab9d-11ec-92c2-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Human Impacts on Earth Systems","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS3.C","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bd0c254-ab9d-11ec-a8a0-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bd0c254-ab9d-11ec-a8a0-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bd06c78-ab9d-11ec-a5a1-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bd06c78-ab9d-11ec-a5a1-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Create a computational simulation to illustrate the relationships among management of natural resources, the sustainability of human populations, and biodiversity.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"BI-ESS3-3","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Examples of factors that affect the management of natural resources include costs of resource extraction and waste management, per-capita consumption, and the development of new technologies. Examples of factors that affect human sustainability include agricultural efficiency, levels of conservation, and urban planning.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment for computational simulations is limited to using provided multi-parameter programs or constructing simplified spreadsheet calculations.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bd16a92-ab9d-11ec-8a82-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bd16a92-ab9d-11ec-8a82-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bd1de64-ab9d-11ec-b942-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bd1de64-ab9d-11ec-b942-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Change and rates of change can be quantified and modeled over very short or very long periods of time. Some system changes are irreversible.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bd1a476-ab9d-11ec-bde9-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bd1a476-ab9d-11ec-bde9-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Stability and Change","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bd2144c-ab9d-11ec-b4e5-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bd2144c-ab9d-11ec-b4e5-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Constructing explanations and designing solutions in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to explanations and designs that are supported by multiple and independent student-generated sources of evidence consistent with scientific ideas, principles, and theories.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bd28e90-ab9d-11ec-9f12-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bd28e90-ab9d-11ec-9f12-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Create a computational model or simulation of a phenomenon, designed device, process, or system.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bd24de0-ab9d-11ec-9b41-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bd24de0-ab9d-11ec-9b41-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Mathematical and computational thinking in 9-12 builds on K-8 experiences and progresses to using algebraic thinking and analysis, a range of linear and nonlinear functions including trigonometric functions, exponentials and logarithms, and computational tools for statistical analysis to analyze, represent, and model data. Simple computational simulations are created and used based on mathematical models of basic assumptions.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bd2bb86-ab9d-11ec-b2f8-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bd2bb86-ab9d-11ec-b2f8-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Connections to Nature of Science","CFItemType":"Connections to the Nature of Science","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Connections to the Nature of Science","identifier":"3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bd327d8-ab9d-11ec-bda4-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bd327d8-ab9d-11ec-bda4-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science is a result of human endeavors, imagination, and creativity.","CFItemType":"Connections to the Nature of Science","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Connections to the Nature of Science","identifier":"3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bd2f2e0-ab9d-11ec-99b5-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bd2f2e0-ab9d-11ec-99b5-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science is a Human Endeavor","CFItemType":"Connections to the Nature of Science","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Connections to the Nature of Science","identifier":"3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bd4130a-ab9d-11ec-adbb-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bd4130a-ab9d-11ec-adbb-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Scientists and engineers can make major contributions by developing technologies that produce less pollution and waste and that preclude ecosystem degradation.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bd3d8ae-ab9d-11ec-8519-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bd3d8ae-ab9d-11ec-8519-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Human Impacts on Earth Systems","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS3.C","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bd393da-ab9d-11ec-a87f-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bd393da-ab9d-11ec-a87f-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bd3501e-ab9d-11ec-8fae-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bd3501e-ab9d-11ec-8fae-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Evaluate or refine a technological solution that reduces impacts of human activities on natural systems.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"BI-ESS3-4","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: This PE is partially addressed in this course. Examples of data on the impacts of human activities could include the quantities and types of pollutants released, changes to biomass and species diversity, and changes in land surface (urban development, agriculture or livestock, and surface mining). Examples for limiting future impacts could range from local efforts (reducing, reusing, and recycling resources) to large-scale bioengineering design solutions (altering global temperatures by making large changes to the atmosphere or ocean).","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bd53c94-ab9d-11ec-92f0-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bd53c94-ab9d-11ec-92f0-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bd5a94a-ab9d-11ec-8999-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bd5a94a-ab9d-11ec-8999-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Models (e.g., physical, mathematical, computer models) can be used to simulate systems and interactions\u2014including energy, matter, and information flows\u2014 within and between systems at different scales.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bd57150-ab9d-11ec-a169-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bd57150-ab9d-11ec-a169-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Systems and System Models","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bd5d136-ab9d-11ec-9420-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bd5d136-ab9d-11ec-9420-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering 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Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bd605c0-ab9d-11ec-bd44-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bd605c0-ab9d-11ec-bd44-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Constructing explanations and designing solutions in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138  experiences and progresses to explanations and designs that are supported by multiple and independent student-generated sources of evidence consistent with scientific knowledge, principles, and theories.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bd4d0ec-ab9d-11ec-bd93-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bd4d0ec-ab9d-11ec-bd93-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Developing Possible Solutions","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ETS1.B","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bd50904-ab9d-11ec-8011-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bd50904-ab9d-11ec-8011-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"When evaluating solutions, it is important to take into account a range of constraints, including cost, safety, reliability, and aesthetics, and to consider social, cultural, and environmental impacts.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3bd723a6-ab9d-11ec-8d1b-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3bd723a6-ab9d-11ec-8d1b-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Current models predict that, although future regional climate changes will be complex and varied, average global temperatures will continue to rise. 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Examples of far-reaching impacts related to human activity, include how increases in one or more atmospheric gasses (COx, NOx, Sox), and volatile organic compounds), and particulate matter could impact other Earth systems. 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model to predict the relationships between systems or between components of a system.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"28896138-aeb8-11ec-9f89-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/28896138-aeb8-11ec-9f89-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Developing and Using Models","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Modeling in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 and progresses to using, synthesizing, and developing models to predict and show relationships among variables between systems and their components in the natural and designed worlds.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"288a7eec-aeb8-11ec-96f2-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/288a7eec-aeb8-11ec-96f2-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Construct and revise an explanation based on valid and reliable evidence obtained from a variety of sources (including students\u2019 own investigations, models, theories, simulations, peer review) and the assumption that theories and laws that describe the natural world operate today as they did in the past and will continue to do so in the future.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering 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ideas, principles, and theories.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"288a0aac-aeb8-11ec-94bf-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/288a0aac-aeb8-11ec-94bf-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"2889c5f6-aeb8-11ec-b32e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/2889c5f6-aeb8-11ec-b32e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Construct and revise an explanation for the outcome of a simple chemical reaction based on the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the periodic table, and knowledge of the patterns of chemical properties.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"CI-PS1-2","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: This PE is fully addressed in this course. Examples of chemical reactions could include the reaction of sodium and chlorine, carbon and oxygen, and carbon and hydrogen.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment is limited to chemical reactions involving main group elements and combustion reactions.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"288aa8fe-aeb8-11ec-a4c2-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/288aa8fe-aeb8-11ec-a4c2-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"288b2194-aeb8-11ec-9a02-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/288b2194-aeb8-11ec-9a02-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"The periodic table orders elements horizontally by the number of protons in the atom\u2019s nucleus and places those with similar chemical properties in columns. 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scale are determined by electrical forces within and between atoms.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"288ca2f8-aeb8-11ec-a4c7-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/288ca2f8-aeb8-11ec-a4c7-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Structure and Properties of Matter","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"PS1.A","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"288c6086-aeb8-11ec-a718-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/288c6086-aeb8-11ec-a718-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core 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Emphasis is on understanding the strengths of forces between particles, including identifying and naming specific intermolecular forces (dipole- dipole). Examples of particles could include ions, atoms, molecules, and networked materials (graphite). Examples of bulk properties of substances could include  the melting point and boiling point, vapor pressure, and surface tension.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment does not include Raoult\u2019s law calculations of vapor pressure.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"288d0a0e-aeb8-11ec-bf46-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/288d0a0e-aeb8-11ec-bf46-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Constructing explanations and designing solutions in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to explanations and designs that are supported by multiple and independent student-generated sources of evidence consistent with scientific ideas, principles, and theories.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"288d8204-aeb8-11ec-b13c-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/288d8204-aeb8-11ec-b13c-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Plan and conduct an investigation individually and collaboratively to produce data to serve as the basis for evidence, and in the design: decide on types, how much, and accuracy of data needed to produce reliable measurements and consider limitations on the precision of the data (e.g., number of trials, cost, risk, time), and refine the design accordingly.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering 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models.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"288dabe4-aeb8-11ec-ae99-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/288dabe4-aeb8-11ec-ae99-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"288e1976-aeb8-11ec-a8ad-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/288e1976-aeb8-11ec-a8ad-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Different patterns may be observed at each of the scales at which a system is studied and can provide evidence for causality in explanations of phenomena.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting 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may need to be broken down into simpler ones that can be approached systematically, and decisions about the priority of certain criteria over others (trade-offs) may be needed.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"288ec60a-aeb8-11ec-a337-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/288ec60a-aeb8-11ec-a337-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Optimizing the Design Solution","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ETS1.C","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"288e8c30-aeb8-11ec-8fde-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/288e8c30-aeb8-11ec-8fde-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core 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connection between changes made at the macroscopic level and what happens at the molecular level. Examples of designs could include different ways to increase product formation including adding reactants or removing products.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment is limited to specifying the change in only one variable at a time. Assessment does not include calculating equilibrium constants and concentrations.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"288f2c62-aeb8-11ec-81bf-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/288f2c62-aeb8-11ec-81bf-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"288f9d14-aeb8-11ec-a4bf-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/288f9d14-aeb8-11ec-a4bf-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"288f5f52-aeb8-11ec-b505-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/288f5f52-aeb8-11ec-b505-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Stability and Change","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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solution to a complex real-world problem, based on scientific knowledge, student-generated sources of evidence, prioritized criteria, and tradeoff considerations.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"288ffdcc-aeb8-11ec-8e7e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/288ffdcc-aeb8-11ec-8e7e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering 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Emphasis is on demonstrating conservation of mass through the mole concept and stoichiometry. 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Examples of mechanical investigations include stream transportation and deposition using a stream table, erosion using variations in soil moisture content, or frost wedging by the expansion of water as it freezes. 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models.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3331689c-aeb8-11ec-ad52-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3331689c-aeb8-11ec-ad52-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Design a solution to a complex real-world problem by breaking it down into smaller, more manageable problems that can be solved through engineering.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"CI1-ETS1-2","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Examples of real-world problems could include wastewater treatment, production of biofuels, and the impact of heavy metals or phosphate pollutants on the environment.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"33324f00-aeb8-11ec-bf19-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/33324f00-aeb8-11ec-bf19-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Criteria may need to be broken down into simpler ones that can be approached systematically, and decisions about the priority of certain criteria over others (trade-offs) may be needed.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"33320bbc-aeb8-11ec-bf31-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/33320bbc-aeb8-11ec-bf31-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Optimizing the Design 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ideas, principles, and theories.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"333352f6-aeb8-11ec-b8b3-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/333352f6-aeb8-11ec-b8b3-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"2a9d733c-aeb9-11ec-a6e2-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/2a9d733c-aeb9-11ec-a6e2-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"The periodic table orders elements horizontally by the number of protons in the atom\u2019s nucleus and places those with similar chemical properties in columns. 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depends on the motion and interactions of matter and radiation within that system. 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Emphasis is on explaining the meaning of mathematical expressions used in the model.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment is limited to systems of two or three components and to thermal energy, kinetic energy, and the energies in gravitational, magnetic, or electric fields.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"98a040bc-af54-11ec-925d-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/98a040bc-af54-11ec-925d-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"98a0b16e-af54-11ec-8ea4-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/98a0b16e-af54-11ec-8ea4-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Models can be used to predict the behavior of a system, but these predictions have limited precision and reliability due to the assumptions and approximations inherent in models.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"98a07956-af54-11ec-b5d5-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/98a07956-af54-11ec-b5d5-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Systems and System Models","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"98a0df90-af54-11ec-99cf-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/98a0df90-af54-11ec-99cf-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Constructing explanations and designing solutions in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to explanations and designs that are supported by multiple and independent student-generated sources of evidence consistent with scientific ideas, principles, and theories.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"98a15010-af54-11ec-ad8c-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/98a15010-af54-11ec-ad8c-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Create a computational model or simulation of a phenomenon, designed device, process, or system.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"98a117ee-af54-11ec-b1fc-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/98a117ee-af54-11ec-b1fc-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Mathematical and computational thinking at the 9\u201312 level builds on K\u20138 and progresses to using algebraic thinking and analysis, a range of linear and nonlinear functions including trigonometric functions, exponentials and logarithms, and computational tools for statistical analysis to analyze, represent, and model data. Simple computational simulations are created and used based on mathematical models of basic assumptions.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"98a25014-af54-11ec-b29e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/98a25014-af54-11ec-b29e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Atoms of each element emit and absorb characteristic frequencies of light. These characteristics allow identification of the presence of an element, even in microscopic quantities.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"98a213e2-af54-11ec-8320-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/98a213e2-af54-11ec-8320-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Electromagnetic Radiation","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"PS4.B","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"98a1d3dc-af54-11ec-a641-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/98a1d3dc-af54-11ec-a641-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"98a17f4a-af54-11ec-bc95-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/98a17f4a-af54-11ec-bc95-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Construct an explanation of the Big Bang theory based on astronomical evidence of light spectra, motion of distant galaxies, and composition of matter in the universe.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"CI-ESS1-2","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Emphasis is on the astronomical evidence of the red shift of light from galaxies as an indication that the universe is currently expanding, the cosmic microwave background as the remnant radiation from the Big Bang, and the observed composition of ordinary matter of the universe, primarily found in stars and interstellar gases (from the spectra of electromagnetic radiation from stars), which matches that predicted by the Big Bang theory (3/4 hydrogen and 1/4 helium).","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"98a2dee4-af54-11ec-a446-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/98a2dee4-af54-11ec-a446-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"98a34956-af54-11ec-950f-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/98a34956-af54-11ec-950f-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Energy cannot be created or destroyed\u2013only moved between one place and another place, between objects and/or fields, or between systems.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"98a314fe-af54-11ec-8811-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/98a314fe-af54-11ec-8811-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Energy and Matter","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"98a379c6-af54-11ec-b3d0-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/98a379c6-af54-11ec-b3d0-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering 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ideas, principles, and theories.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"98a41bb0-af54-11ec-be56-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/98a41bb0-af54-11ec-be56-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Connections to Nature of Science","CFItemType":"Connections to the Nature of Science","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Connections to the Nature of Science","identifier":"3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"98a496c6-af54-11ec-8dfd-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/98a496c6-af54-11ec-8dfd-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science assumes the universe is a vast single system in which basic laws are consistent.","CFItemType":"Connections to the Nature of Science","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Connections to the Nature of Science","identifier":"3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"98a45486-af54-11ec-b063-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/98a45486-af54-11ec-b063-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Scientific Knowledge Assumes an Order and Consistency in Natural Systems","CFItemType":"Connections to the Nature of Science","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Connections to the Nature of 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spectra and brightness is used to identify compositional elements of stars, their movements, and their distances from Earth.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"98a5b59c-af54-11ec-9f22-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/98a5b59c-af54-11ec-9f22-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Evidence from deep probes and seismic waves, reconstructions of historical changes in Earth\u2019s surface and its magnetic field, and an understanding of physical and chemical processes lead to a model of Earth with a hot but solid inner core, a liquid outer core, a solid mantle and crust. Motions of the mantle and its plates occur primarily through thermal convection, which involves the cycling of matter due to the outward flow of energy from Earth\u2019s interior and gravitational movement of denser materials toward the interior.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"98a57514-af54-11ec-90e8-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/98a57514-af54-11ec-90e8-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Earth Materials and Systems","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS2.A","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"98a53a54-af54-11ec-b6d8-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/98a53a54-af54-11ec-b6d8-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"98a4ed4c-af54-11ec-867c-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/98a4ed4c-af54-11ec-867c-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Develop a model based on evidence of Earth\u2019s interior to describe the cycling of matter by thermal convection.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"CI-ESS2-3","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Emphasis is on both a one dimensional model of Earth, with radial layers determined by density, and a three-dimensional model, which is controlled by mantle convection and the resulting plate tectonics. Examples of evidence include maps of Earth\u2019s three-dimensional structure obtained from seismic waves, records of the rate of change of Earth\u2019s magnetic field (as constraints on convection in the outer core), and identification of the composition of Earth\u2019s layers from high-pressure laboratory experiments.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"98a60d58-af54-11ec-82a7-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/98a60d58-af54-11ec-82a7-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"98a688b4-af54-11ec-9c85-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/98a688b4-af54-11ec-9c85-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Develop a model based on evidence to illustrate the relationships between systems or between components of a system.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"98a64e76-af54-11ec-b025-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/98a64e76-af54-11ec-b025-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Developing and Using Models","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Modeling in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 and progresses to using, synthesizing, and developing models to predict and show relationships among variables between systems and their components in the natural and designed worlds.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"98a6bb18-af54-11ec-bf33-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/98a6bb18-af54-11ec-bf33-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Connections to Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science","CFItemType":"Connections to Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Connections to Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science","identifier":"1215fbff-ff4a-5df8-a228-f6e04e78b77e","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/1215fbff-ff4a-5df8-a228-f6e04e78b77e"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"98a730ac-af54-11ec-b19b-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/98a730ac-af54-11ec-b19b-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and engineering complement each other in the cycle known as research and development (R&D). 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Emphasis is on the impacts of human activities on physical systems. Examples of data on the impacts of human activities could include the quantities and types of pollutants released (fertilizer, surface mining, and nuclear byproducts). 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whether or not energy is stored or released can be understood in terms of the collisions of molecules and the rearrangements of atoms into new molecules, with consequent changes in the sum of all bond energies in the set of molecules that are matched by changes in kinetic energy.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"8010e90a-af56-11ec-aaf2-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/8010e90a-af56-11ec-aaf2-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Conservation of Energy and Energy 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Simple computational simulations are created and used based on mathematical models of basic assumptions.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"03a57156-af92-11ec-8122-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/03a57156-af92-11ec-8122-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning behind currently accepted explanations or solutions to determine the merits of arguments.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"03a52bd8-af92-11ec-ace8-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/03a52bd8-af92-11ec-ace8-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Engaging in Argument from Evidence","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Engaging in argument from evidence in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to using appropriate and sufficient evidence and scientific reasoning to defend and critique claims and explanations about natural and designed worlds. Arguments may also come from current scientific or historical episodes in science.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"03a4ea56-af92-11ec-ac8c-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/03a4ea56-af92-11ec-ac8c-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"03a49baa-af92-11ec-8b3b-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/03a49baa-af92-11ec-8b3b-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning behind the idea that electromagnetic radiation can be described either by a wave model or a particle model, and that for some situations one model is more useful than the other.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"CI-PS4-3","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Emphasis is on how the experimental evidence supports the claim and how a theory is generally modified in light of new evidence. Examples of a phenomenon could include resonance, interference, diffraction, and photoelectric effect.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment does not include using quantum theory.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"03a5a4e6-af92-11ec-bf5e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/03a5a4e6-af92-11ec-bf5e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"03a6279a-af92-11ec-9100-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/03a6279a-af92-11ec-9100-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"**From the 3\u20135 grade band endpoints** Waves can add or cancel one another as they cross, depending on their relative phase (i.e., relative position of peaks and troughs of the waves), but they emerge unaffected by each other. (Boundary: The discussion at this grade level is qualitative only; it can be based on the fact that two different sounds can pass a location in different directions without getting mixed up.)","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"03a5e960-af92-11ec-ab07-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/03a5e960-af92-11ec-ab07-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Wave Properties","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"PS4.A","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"03a65bac-af92-11ec-bfe7-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/03a65bac-af92-11ec-bfe7-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"03a6e356-af92-11ec-b2c0-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/03a6e356-af92-11ec-b2c0-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Models (e.g., physical, mathematical, computer models) can be used to simulate systems and interactions\u2014including energy, matter, and information flows\u2014within and between systems at different scales.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"03a69f2c-af92-11ec-ae8b-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/03a69f2c-af92-11ec-ae8b-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Systems and System Models","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"03a8086c-af92-11ec-9570-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/03a8086c-af92-11ec-9570-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"When light or longer wavelength electromagnetic radiation is absorbed in matter, it is generally converted into thermal energy (heat). Shorter wavelength electromagnetic radiation (ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) can ionize atoms and cause damage to living cells.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"03a7c51e-af92-11ec-8843-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/03a7c51e-af92-11ec-8843-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Electromagnetic Radiation","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"PS4.B","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"03a7788e-af92-11ec-ad5c-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/03a7788e-af92-11ec-ad5c-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"03a719ca-af92-11ec-8fe2-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/03a719ca-af92-11ec-8fe2-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Evaluate the validity and reliability of claims in published materials of the effects that different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation have when absorbed by matter.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"CI-PS4-4","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Emphasis is on the idea that photons associated with different frequencies of light have different energies, and the damage to living tissue from electromagnetic radiation depends on the energy of the radiation. Examples of published materials could include trade books, magazines, web resources, videos, and other passages that may reflect bias.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment is limited to qualitative descriptions.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"03a94740-af92-11ec-8958-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/03a94740-af92-11ec-8958-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"03a9d6c4-af92-11ec-8406-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/03a9d6c4-af92-11ec-8406-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Cause and effect relationships can be suggested and predicted for complex natural and human designed systems by examining what is known about smaller scale mechanisms within the system.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"03a992e0-af92-11ec-a267-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/03a992e0-af92-11ec-a267-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Cause and Effect","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"03aa0ee6-af92-11ec-8aa0-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/03aa0ee6-af92-11ec-8aa0-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Constructing explanations and designing solutions in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to explanations and designs that are supported by multiple and independent student-generated sources of evidence consistent with scientific ideas, principles, and theories.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"03aa9aaa-af92-11ec-a231-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/03aa9aaa-af92-11ec-a231-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Evaluate the validity and reliability of multiple claims that appear in scientific and technical texts or media reports, verifying the data when possible.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"03aa5676-af92-11ec-a314-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/03aa5676-af92-11ec-a314-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Obtaining, Evaluating, and Communicating Information","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 and progresses to evaluating the validity and reliability of the claims, methods, and designs.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"03ac7d66-af92-11ec-a298-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/03ac7d66-af92-11ec-a298-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Solar cells are human-made devices that likewise capture the sun\u2019s energy and produce electrical energy.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"03ac34f0-af92-11ec-a45d-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/03ac34f0-af92-11ec-a45d-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Energy in Chemical 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and communications technology.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessments are limited to qualitative information. 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Investigations could include electrochemistry (electrolysis).","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"60cc0a00-b4d5-11ec-8d9b-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/60cc0a00-b4d5-11ec-8d9b-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"60cc9bfa-b4d5-11ec-9c12-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/60cc9bfa-b4d5-11ec-9c12-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"The total amount of energy and matter in closed systems is conserved.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting 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Examples of formations caused by impacts could include Manicouagan, Quebec; Chicxulub, Yucatan; Chesapeake Bay, Virginia; Beaver Head, Idaho and Montana. Examples of dating methods (e.g., Carbon-14 or Rubidium \u2013 Strontium) to gather evidence are the absolute ages of ancient or modern materials.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"9dccba50-b4f1-11ec-ac4c-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/9dccba50-b4f1-11ec-ac4c-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"9dcd49fc-b4f1-11ec-9bf1-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/9dcd49fc-b4f1-11ec-9bf1-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Although active geologic processes, such as plate tectonics and erosion, have destroyed or altered most of the very early rock record on Earth, other objects in the solar system, such as lunar rocks, asteroids, and meteorites, have changed little over billions of years. 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Analysis of costs and benefits is a critical aspect of decisions about technology.","CFItemType":"Connections to Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Connections to Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science","identifier":"1215fbff-ff4a-5df8-a228-f6e04e78b77e","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/1215fbff-ff4a-5df8-a228-f6e04e78b77e"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"9dd532de-b4f1-11ec-8ac2-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/9dd532de-b4f1-11ec-8ac2-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Influence of Engineering, Technology, and Science on Society and the Natural World","CFItemType":"Connections to Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Connections to Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science","identifier":"1215fbff-ff4a-5df8-a228-f6e04e78b77e","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/1215fbff-ff4a-5df8-a228-f6e04e78b77e"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"721c432a-b4f2-11ec-9cb7-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/721c432a-b4f2-11ec-9cb7-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Nuclear Processes","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"PS1.C","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"721c9672-b4f2-11ec-992b-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/721c9672-b4f2-11ec-992b-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Spontaneous radioactive decays follow a characteristic exponential decay law. Nuclear lifetimes allow radiometric dating to be used to determine the ages of rocks and other materials.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a6737c72-b59e-11ec-aefa-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a6737c72-b59e-11ec-aefa-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Earth's Systems","CFItemType":"Topic","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Topic","identifier":"334bdb88-7eba-11e7-a30f-b0c90b874ace","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/334bdb88-7eba-11e7-a30f-b0c90b874ace"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a674f4bc-b59e-11ec-9861-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a674f4bc-b59e-11ec-9861-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Earth\u2019s systems, being dynamic and interacting, cause feedback effects that can increase or decrease the original changes.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a674a0e8-b59e-11ec-9d7d-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a674a0e8-b59e-11ec-9d7d-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Earth Materials and Systems","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS2.A","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a6745656-b59e-11ec-896d-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a6745656-b59e-11ec-896d-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a67405ac-b59e-11ec-bf38-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a67405ac-b59e-11ec-bf38-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Analyze geoscience data to make the claim that one change to Earth\u2019s surface can create feedbacks that cause changes to other Earth systems.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ES-ESS2-2","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Examples could include climate feedbacks, such as how an increase in greenhouse gases causes a rise in global temperatures that melts glacial ice, which reduces the amount of sunlight reflected from Earth\u2019s surface, increasing surface temperatures and further reducing the amount of ice. Examples could also be taken from other system interactions, such as how the loss of ground vegetation causes an increase in water runoff and soil erosion; how dammed rivers increase groundwater recharge, decrease sediment transport, and increase coastal erosion; or how the loss of wetlands causes a decrease in local humidity that further reduces the wetland extent.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a675ef16-b59e-11ec-8625-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a675ef16-b59e-11ec-8625-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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data.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a675801c-b59e-11ec-a644-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a675801c-b59e-11ec-a644-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Weather and Climate","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS2.D","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a675bdfc-b59e-11ec-a075-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a675bdfc-b59e-11ec-a075-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"The foundation for Earth\u2019s global climate systems is the electromagnetic radiation from the sun, as well as its reflection, absorption, storage, and redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and land systems, and this energy\u2019s re-radiation into space.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a67b355c-b59e-11ec-b779-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a67b355c-b59e-11ec-b779-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Energy drives the cycling of matter within and between systems.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a67a70c2-b59e-11ec-bc66-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a67a70c2-b59e-11ec-bc66-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Develop a model based on evidence of Earth\u2019s interior to describe the cycling of matter by thermal convection.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ES-ESS2-3","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Emphasis is on both a one-dimensional model of Earth, with radial layers determined by density, and a three-dimensional model, which is controlled by mantle convection and the resulting plate tectonics. Examples of evidence include maps of Earth\u2019s three-dimensional structure obtained from seismic waves, records of the rate of change of Earth\u2019s magnetic field (as constraints on convection in the outer core), and identification of the composition of Earth\u2019s layers from high-pressure laboratory experiments.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a67b970e-b59e-11ec-b26c-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a67b970e-b59e-11ec-b26c-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a67c14ae-b59e-11ec-8014-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a67c14ae-b59e-11ec-8014-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Develop a model based on evidence to illustrate the relationships between systems or between components of a system.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a67bd070-b59e-11ec-b79e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a67bd070-b59e-11ec-b79e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Developing and Using Models","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Modeling in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to using, synthesizing, and developing models to predict and show relationships among variables between systems and their components in the natural and designed world(s).","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a67d3168-b59e-11ec-9fcd-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a67d3168-b59e-11ec-9fcd-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"The abundance of liquid water on Earth\u2019s surface and its unique combination of physical and chemical properties are central to the planet\u2019s dynamics. These properties include water\u2019s exceptional capacity to absorb, store, and release large amounts of energy, transmit sunlight, expand upon freezing, dissolve and transport materials, and lower the viscosities and melting points of rocks.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a67cf540-b59e-11ec-8ba1-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a67cf540-b59e-11ec-8ba1-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"The Roles of Water in Earth\u2019s Surface Processes","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS2.C","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a67cb54e-b59e-11ec-a08a-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a67cb54e-b59e-11ec-a08a-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a67c6d3c-b59e-11ec-915f-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a67c6d3c-b59e-11ec-915f-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Plan and conduct an investigation of the properties of water and its effects on Earth materials and surface processes.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ES-ESS2-5","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Emphasis is on conducting investigations involving weathering. Examples of investigations (mechanical) could include analyzing local stream transportation and deposition data, collecting erosion data on various soil types, and evaluating water systems distributions and quality (Google Earth Time lapse feature or USGS National Real-time Stream Gaging and National Water Information System.) Examples of investigations (chemical) could include collecting/analyzing water quality data or accessing water quality data through public data sets (e.g., USGS). Arkansas examples could include surface water (e.g., streams, rivers, lakes), karst terrain (dissolution caverns such as Blanchard Caverns) and the Mississippi river and its tributaries.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a67d6048-b59e-11ec-9b24-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a67d6048-b59e-11ec-9b24-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a67dea36-b59e-11ec-9434-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a67dea36-b59e-11ec-9434-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"The functions and properties of natural and designed objects and systems can be inferred from their overall structure, the way their components are shaped and used, and the molecular substructures of its various materials.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a67da238-b59e-11ec-a6d6-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a67da238-b59e-11ec-a6d6-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Structure and Function","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a67e42ba-b59e-11ec-9caa-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a67e42ba-b59e-11ec-9caa-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a67eb7a4-b59e-11ec-a78e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a67eb7a4-b59e-11ec-a78e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Plan and conduct an investigation individually and collaboratively to produce data to serve as the basis for evidence, and in the design: decide on types, how much, and accuracy of data needed to produce reliable measurements and consider limitations on the precision of the data (e.g., number of trials, cost, risk, time), and refine the design accordingly.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 and progresses to evaluating the validity and reliability of the claims, methods, and designs.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a67e7d3e-b59e-11ec-8372-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a67e7d3e-b59e-11ec-8372-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Planning and Carrying Out Investigations","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Planning and carrying out investigations in 9-12 builds on K-8 experiences and progresses to include investigations that provide evidence for and test conceptual, mathematical, physical, and empirical models.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a67fb942-b59e-11ec-bd08-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a67fb942-b59e-11ec-bd08-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Gradual atmospheric changes were due to plants and other organisms that captured carbon dioxide and released oxygen.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a67f7a7c-b59e-11ec-b596-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a67f7a7c-b59e-11ec-b596-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Weather and Climate","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS2.D","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a67f3526-b59e-11ec-aa06-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a67f3526-b59e-11ec-aa06-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a67eebac-b59e-11ec-8f9d-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a67eebac-b59e-11ec-8f9d-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Develop a quantitative model to describe the cycling of carbon among the hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosphere, and biosphere.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ES-ESS2-6","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Emphasis is on modeling  biogeochemical cycles that include the cycling of carbon through natural (peat bogs) and human engineered reservoirs (composting).","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a67fea5c-b59e-11ec-822b-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a67fea5c-b59e-11ec-822b-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a6806180-b59e-11ec-b269-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a6806180-b59e-11ec-b269-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Develop a model based on evidence to illustrate the relationships between systems or between components of a system.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a680256c-b59e-11ec-a78a-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a680256c-b59e-11ec-a78a-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Developing and Using Models","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Modeling in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to using, synthesizing, and developing models to predict and show relationships among variables between systems and their components in the natural and designed world(s).","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a6809236-b59e-11ec-91d6-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a6809236-b59e-11ec-91d6-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a6811a3a-b59e-11ec-8028-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a6811a3a-b59e-11ec-8028-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"The total amount of energy and matter in closed systems is conserved.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a680d7e6-b59e-11ec-88c9-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a680d7e6-b59e-11ec-88c9-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Energy and Matter","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a6832776-b59e-11ec-9dbd-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a6832776-b59e-11ec-9dbd-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Gradual atmospheric changes were due to plants and other organisms that captured carbon dioxide and released oxygen.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a682e66c-b59e-11ec-942d-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a682e66c-b59e-11ec-942d-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Weather and Climate","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS2.D","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a682a83c-b59e-11ec-8951-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a682a83c-b59e-11ec-8951-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a6824f2c-b59e-11ec-9b97-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a6824f2c-b59e-11ec-9b97-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Construct an argument based on evidence about the simultaneous coevolution of Earth\u2019s systems and life on Earth.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ES-ESS2-7","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Emphasis is on the dynamic causes, effects, and feedbacks between the biosphere and Earth\u2019s other systems, whereby geoscience factors control the evolution of life, which in turn continuously alters Earth\u2019s surface. Examples of evidence could include Arkansas's geologic history that documents the existence of tropical plants (landmass equatorial paleo geographic position resulted in palm tree fossils on top of Petit Jean Mountain), fossiliferous limestones with biodiversity (corals, mollusks, brachiopods fossils in the Buffalo National River) and ocean coastal paleo environments (delta deposits of shales near Morrilton).","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a6835d86-b59e-11ec-b551-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a6835d86-b59e-11ec-b551-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a683daae-b59e-11ec-beb4-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a683daae-b59e-11ec-beb4-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Construct an oral and written argument or counter-arguments based on data and evidence.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a6839b34-b59e-11ec-8668-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a6839b34-b59e-11ec-8668-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Engaging in Argument from Evidence","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Engaging in argument from evidence in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to using appropriate and sufficient evidence and scientific reasoning to defend and critique claims and explanations about the natural and designed world(s). Arguments may also come from current scientific or historical episodes in science.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a6840a42-b59e-11ec-a8c6-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a6840a42-b59e-11ec-a8c6-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a684829c-b59e-11ec-ade3-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a684829c-b59e-11ec-ade3-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain 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Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7bf5ecf2-b5dd-11ec-987b-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7bf5ecf2-b5dd-11ec-987b-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Engaging in Argument from Evidence","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Engaging in argument from evidence in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to using appropriate and sufficient evidence and scientific reasoning to defend and critique claims and explanations about natural and designed world(s). Arguments may also come from current scientific or historical episodes in science.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7bf5afee-b5dd-11ec-8fe5-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7bf5afee-b5dd-11ec-8fe5-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7bf55a3a-b5dd-11ec-90f5-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7bf55a3a-b5dd-11ec-90f5-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Evaluate competing design solutions for developing, managing, and utilizing energy and mineral resources based on cost-benefit ratios.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ES-ESS3-2","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Arkansas-specific examples of solutions could include the natural gas industry, hydroelectric, wind farms, urban recycling programs, coal, and nuclear power (Arkansas Nuclear One).","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7bf69b98-b5dd-11ec-ac7d-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7bf69b98-b5dd-11ec-ac7d-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7bf71bf4-b5dd-11ec-8f11-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7bf71bf4-b5dd-11ec-8f11-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"All forms of energy production and other resource extraction have associated economic, social, environmental, and geopolitical costs and risks as well as benefits. New technologies and social regulations can change the balance of these factors.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7bf6d748-b5dd-11ec-bc58-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7bf6d748-b5dd-11ec-bc58-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Natural Resources","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS3.A","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7bf93c40-b5dd-11ec-9eb3-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7bf93c40-b5dd-11ec-9eb3-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Change and rates of change can be quantified and modeled over very short or very long periods of time. Some system changes are irreversible.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7bf8f352-b5dd-11ec-bfd0-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7bf8f352-b5dd-11ec-bfd0-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Stability and Change","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7bf8a906-b5dd-11ec-b8b9-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7bf8a906-b5dd-11ec-b8b9-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7bf8618a-b5dd-11ec-b86e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7bf8618a-b5dd-11ec-b86e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Create a computational simulation to illustrate the relationships among the management of natural resources, the sustainability of human populations, and biodiversity.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ES-ESS3-3","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Data on the management of natural resources could be obtained from the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission. Examples of factors that affect human sustainability could include agricultural efficiency, natural resource management, levels of conservation, and urban planning.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7bf9a130-b5dd-11ec-9ceb-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7bf9a130-b5dd-11ec-9ceb-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Constructing explanations and designing solutions in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to explanations and designs that are supported by multiple and independent student-generated sources of evidence consistent with scientific ideas, principles, and theories.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7bfa2524-b5dd-11ec-a67c-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7bfa2524-b5dd-11ec-a67c-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Create a computational model or simulation of a phenomenon, designed device, process, or system.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7bf9df2e-b5dd-11ec-b675-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7bf9df2e-b5dd-11ec-b675-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Mathematical and computational thinking in 9-12 builds on K-8 experiences and progresses to using algebraic thinking and analysis, a range of linear and nonlinear functions including trigonometric functions, exponentials and logarithms, and computational tools for statistical analysis to analyze, represent, and model data. Simple computational simulations are created and used based on mathematical models of basic assumptions.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7bfb566a-b5dd-11ec-baa6-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7bfb566a-b5dd-11ec-baa6-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Scientists and engineers can make major contributions by developing technologies that produce less pollution and waste and that preclude ecosystem degradation.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7bfb1844-b5dd-11ec-a1bf-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7bfb1844-b5dd-11ec-a1bf-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Human Impacts on Earth Systems","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS3.C","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7bfad988-b5dd-11ec-9297-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7bfad988-b5dd-11ec-9297-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7bfa8df2-b5dd-11ec-a8f6-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7bfa8df2-b5dd-11ec-a8f6-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Evaluate or refine a technological solution that reduces impacts of human activities on natural systems.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ES-ESS3-4","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Examples of data on the impacts of human activities could   include pollutants released (silt and sediments), changes to biomass (clearcutting), and areal changes in land surface use (urban development, agriculture and livestock, earth materials mining). Examples for limiting future impacts could range from local efforts (recycling) to large-scale geoengineering design solutions (lock and dam system, state and national parks).","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7bfb8298-b5dd-11ec-bfcb-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7bfb8298-b5dd-11ec-bfcb-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7bfc02a4-b5dd-11ec-9437-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7bfc02a4-b5dd-11ec-9437-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Feedback (negative or positive) can stabilize or destabilize a system.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7bfbbeca-b5dd-11ec-9f6c-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7bfbbeca-b5dd-11ec-9f6c-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Stability and Change","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7bfc66c2-b5dd-11ec-a2ad-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7bfc66c2-b5dd-11ec-a2ad-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7bfce2c8-b5dd-11ec-a647-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7bfce2c8-b5dd-11ec-a647-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Design or refine a solution to a complex real-world problem, based on scientific knowledge, student-generated sources of evidence, prioritized criteria, and tradeoff considerations.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 and progresses to evaluating the validity and reliability of the claims, methods, and designs.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7bfca45c-b5dd-11ec-ae8a-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7bfca45c-b5dd-11ec-ae8a-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Constructing explanations and designing solutions in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138  experiences and progresses to explanations and designs that are supported by multiple and independent student-generated sources of evidence consistent with scientific knowledge, principles, and theories.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7bfdeb78-b5dd-11ec-ac00-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7bfdeb78-b5dd-11ec-ac00-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Current models predict that, although future regional climate changes will be complex and varied, average global temperatures will continue to rise. The outcomes predicted by global climate models strongly depend on the amounts of human-generated greenhouse gases added to the atmosphere each year and by the ways in which these gases are absorbed by the ocean and biosphere.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7bfda8fc-b5dd-11ec-bba7-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7bfda8fc-b5dd-11ec-bba7-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Weather and Climate","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS2.D","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7bfd6bd0-b5dd-11ec-815b-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7bfd6bd0-b5dd-11ec-815b-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7bfd1860-b5dd-11ec-894e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7bfd1860-b5dd-11ec-894e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Use a computational representation to illustrate the relationships among Earth systems and how those relationships are being modified due to human activity.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ES-ESS3-6","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Examples of Earth systems could include the roles water has played in the formation of Arkansas topography, geological change over time, and impacts of human activity on the landscape.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7bfe1fb2-b5dd-11ec-8032-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7bfe1fb2-b5dd-11ec-8032-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7bfea0ae-b5dd-11ec-ad3e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7bfea0ae-b5dd-11ec-ad3e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Use a computational representation of phenomena or design solutions to describe and/or support claims and/or explanations.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7bfe638c-b5dd-11ec-8402-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7bfe638c-b5dd-11ec-8402-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Mathematical and computational thinking in 9-12 builds on K-8 experiences and progresses to using algebraic thinking and analysis, a range of linear and nonlinear functions including trigonometric functions, exponentials and logarithms, and computational tools for statistical analysis to analyze, represent, and model data. Simple computational simulations are created and used based on mathematical models of basic assumptions.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7bfed128-b5dd-11ec-8ca7-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7bfed128-b5dd-11ec-8ca7-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7bff580a-b5dd-11ec-8ef9-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7bff580a-b5dd-11ec-8ef9-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"When investigating or describing a system, the boundaries and initial conditions of the system need to be defined and their inputs and outputs analyzed and described using models.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7bff15b6-b5dd-11ec-99ec-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7bff15b6-b5dd-11ec-99ec-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Systems and System Models","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7c0156f0-b5dd-11ec-8590-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7c0156f0-b5dd-11ec-8590-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Criteria and constraints also include satisfying any requirements set by society, such as taking issues of risk mitigation into account, and they should be quantified to the extent possible and stated in such a way that one can tell if a given design meets them.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7c011ae6-b5dd-11ec-95c2-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7c011ae6-b5dd-11ec-95c2-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Defining and Delimiting Engineering Problems","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ETS1.A","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7c00d84c-b5dd-11ec-8360-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7c00d84c-b5dd-11ec-8360-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7c008b80-b5dd-11ec-b4f5-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7c008b80-b5dd-11ec-b4f5-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Analyze a major global challenge to specify qualitative and quantitative criteria and constraints for solutions that account for societal needs and wants.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ES3-ETS1-1","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Examples of major global challenges applied to human sustainability could include ground water depletion in Arkansas and its unique rock formations. 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stream activity, wildfires, and sinkholes.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"47e4a65e-b661-11ec-9dfc-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/47e4a65e-b661-11ec-9dfc-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"47e5360a-b661-11ec-86cb-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/47e5360a-b661-11ec-86cb-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Feedback (negative or positive) can stabilize or destabilize a system.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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data.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"47e4292c-b661-11ec-954d-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/47e4292c-b661-11ec-954d-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Weather and Climate","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS2.D","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"47e46cca-b661-11ec-b05f-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/47e46cca-b661-11ec-b05f-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"The foundation for Earth\u2019s global climate systems is the electromagnetic radiation from the sun, as well as its reflection, absorption, storage, and redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and land systems, and this energy\u2019s re-radiation into space.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"47e82216-b661-11ec-9976-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/47e82216-b661-11ec-9976-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Energy drives the cycling of matter within and between systems.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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plate tectonics processes affecting near Earth surface and interactions among Earth\u2019s spheres (bio-, hydro-, atmo-, geo-). 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Motions of the mantle and its plates occur primarily through thermal convection, which involves the cycling of matter due to the outward flow of energy from Earth\u2019s interior and gravitational movement of denser materials toward the interior.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"47e95064-b661-11ec-b4cc-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/47e95064-b661-11ec-b4cc-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Earth Materials and Systems","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS2.A","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"47ea075c-b661-11ec-bf24-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/47ea075c-b661-11ec-bf24-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"The radioactive decay of unstable isotopes continually generates new energy within Earth\u2019s crust and mantle, providing the primary source of the heat that drives mantle convection. 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These properties include water\u2019s exceptional capacity to absorb, store, and release large amounts of energy, transmit sunlight, expand upon freezing, dissolve and transport materials, and lower the viscosities and melting points of rocks.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"47ee2bde-b661-11ec-976b-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/47ee2bde-b661-11ec-976b-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"The Roles of Water in Earth\u2019s Surface Processes","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS2.C","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"47edecfa-b661-11ec-bcf3-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/47edecfa-b661-11ec-bcf3-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"47ed9e08-b661-11ec-bcd0-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/47ed9e08-b661-11ec-bcd0-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Plan and conduct an investigation of the properties of water and its effects on Earth materials and surface processes.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"EVS-ESS2-5","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Emphasis is on mechanical and chemical investigations with water and a variety of solid materials to provide the evidence for connections between the hydrologic cycle and system interactions commonly known as the rock cycle. Examples of mechanical investigations could include stream transportation and deposition, erosion rates vary related to soil composition and moisture content, or freeze/thaw cycle. Examples of chemical investigations could include chemical weathering and recrystallization by testing the solubility of different materials, and collecting/analyzing water quality data through public data sets (USGS). Arkansas specific investigations could include karst terrain (Blanchard Caverns) and Mississippi River and its tributaries (river channel shape and river water pollution).","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"47eea05a-b661-11ec-8dd5-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/47eea05a-b661-11ec-8dd5-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"47ef2048-b661-11ec-8af0-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/47ef2048-b661-11ec-8af0-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"The functions and properties of natural and designed objects and systems can be inferred from their overall structure, the way their components are shaped and used, and the molecular substructures of its various materials.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"47eee0e2-b661-11ec-a43f-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/47eee0e2-b661-11ec-a43f-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Structure and Function","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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conduct an investigation individually and collaboratively to produce data to serve as the basis for evidence, and in the design: decide on types, how much, and accuracy of data needed to produce reliable measurements and consider limitations on the precision of the data (e.g., number of trials, cost, risk, time), and refine the design accordingly.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"47ef99e2-b661-11ec-9db0-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/47ef99e2-b661-11ec-9db0-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Planning and Carrying Out Investigations","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Planning and carrying out investigations in 9-12 builds on K-8 experiences and progresses to include investigations that provide evidence for and test conceptual, mathematical, physical, and empirical models.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"47f0f97c-b661-11ec-8f4c-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/47f0f97c-b661-11ec-8f4c-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"The total amount of energy and matter in closed systems is conserved.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"47f0ad82-b661-11ec-8e00-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/47f0ad82-b661-11ec-8e00-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Energy and Matter","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"47f06b38-b661-11ec-81cb-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/47f06b38-b661-11ec-81cb-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"47f0236c-b661-11ec-935c-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/47f0236c-b661-11ec-935c-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Develop a quantitative model to describe the cycling of carbon among the hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosphere, and biosphere.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"EVS-ESS2-6","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Emphasis is on modeling biogeochemical cycles that include the cycling of carbon through the ocean, atmosphere, rock cycle, and biosphere. Arkansas topics could include agriculture (burning of hydrocarbons, use of natural resources), and energy-related industries including transportation.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"47f15af2-b661-11ec-b325-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/47f15af2-b661-11ec-b325-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"47f1d6e4-b661-11ec-8173-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/47f1d6e4-b661-11ec-8173-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Develop a model based on evidence to illustrate the relationships between systems or between components of a system.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"47f1988c-b661-11ec-94c1-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/47f1988c-b661-11ec-94c1-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Developing and Using Models","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Modeling in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to using, synthesizing, and developing models to predict and show relationships among variables between systems and their components in the natural and designed world(s).","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"47f20bfa-b661-11ec-a4be-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/47f20bfa-b661-11ec-a4be-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Analyze geoscience data and the results from global climate models to make an evidence-based forecast of the current rate of global or regional climate change and associated future impacts to Earth systems.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"EVS-ESS3-5","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Examples of evidence, for both data and climate model outputs, are for climate changes (precipitation and temperature) and their associated impacts (sea level, glacial ice volumes, or atmosphere and ocean composition).\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment is limited to one example of a climate change and its associated impacts.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"47f609f8-b661-11ec-a964-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/47f609f8-b661-11ec-a964-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Criteria and constraints also include satisfying any requirements set by society, such as taking issues of risk mitigation into account, and they should be quantified to the extent possible and stated in such a way that one can tell if a given design meets them.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"47f5c632-b661-11ec-a061-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/47f5c632-b661-11ec-a061-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Defining and Delimiting Engineering Problems","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ETS1.A","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"47f583ac-b661-11ec-8bab-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/47f583ac-b661-11ec-8bab-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"47f5353c-b661-11ec-9698-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/47f5353c-b661-11ec-9698-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Analyze a major global challenge to specify qualitative and quantitative criteria and constraints for solutions that account for societal needs and wants.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"EVS1-ETS1-1","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Qualitative and quantitative constraints can be used to analyze a major global challenge. Examples could include water quality with relation to biosphere, atmosphere, cryosphere, and geosphere.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"47f63e46-b661-11ec-bbc2-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/47f63e46-b661-11ec-bbc2-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Connections to Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science","CFItemType":"Connections to Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Connections to Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science","identifier":"1215fbff-ff4a-5df8-a228-f6e04e78b77e","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/1215fbff-ff4a-5df8-a228-f6e04e78b77e"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"47f6d0cc-b661-11ec-8480-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/47f6d0cc-b661-11ec-8480-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"New technologies can have deep impacts on society and the environment, including some that were not anticipated. Analysis of costs and benefits is a critical aspect of decisions about technology.","CFItemType":"Connections to Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Connections to Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science","identifier":"1215fbff-ff4a-5df8-a228-f6e04e78b77e","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/1215fbff-ff4a-5df8-a228-f6e04e78b77e"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"47f686bc-b661-11ec-b0aa-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/47f686bc-b661-11ec-b0aa-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Influence of Engineering, Technology, and Science on Society and the Natural World","CFItemType":"Connections to Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Connections to Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science","identifier":"1215fbff-ff4a-5df8-a228-f6e04e78b77e","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/1215fbff-ff4a-5df8-a228-f6e04e78b77e"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"47f73738-b661-11ec-be57-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/47f73738-b661-11ec-be57-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"47f7c9aa-b661-11ec-80e2-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/47f7c9aa-b661-11ec-80e2-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Analyze complex real-world problems by specifying criteria and constraints for successful solutions.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"47f77b30-b661-11ec-a13b-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/47f77b30-b661-11ec-a13b-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Asking Questions and Defining Problems","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Asking questions and defining problems in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to formulating, refining, and evaluating empirically testable questions and design problems using models and simulations.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"6088b6aa-b661-11ec-a133-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/6088b6aa-b661-11ec-a133-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Energy","CFItemType":"Topic","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Topic","identifier":"334bdb88-7eba-11e7-a30f-b0c90b874ace","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/334bdb88-7eba-11e7-a30f-b0c90b874ace"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"608a4a38-b661-11ec-a5f8-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/608a4a38-b661-11ec-a5f8-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Energy is a quantitative property of a system that depends on the motion and interactions of matter and radiation within that system. That there is a single quantity called energy is due to the fact that a system\u2019s total energy is conserved, even as, within the system, energy is continually transferred from one object to another and between its various possible forms.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"6089f902-b661-11ec-ad25-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/6089f902-b661-11ec-ad25-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Definitions of Energy","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"PS3.A","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"6089a0c4-b661-11ec-bec8-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/6089a0c4-b661-11ec-bec8-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core 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in aquatic systems) and gravitational energy (sediment-related pollutants such as turbidity).","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"608b3bf0-b661-11ec-a8dd-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/608b3bf0-b661-11ec-a8dd-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"608bd33a-b661-11ec-9a09-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/608bd33a-b661-11ec-9a09-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Models can be used to predict the behavior of a system, but these predictions have limited precision and reliability due to the assumptions and approximations inherent in models.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"608b85d8-b661-11ec-8a44-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/608b85d8-b661-11ec-8a44-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Systems and System Models","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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computational model or simulation of a phenomenon, designed device, process, or system.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"608c9ef0-b661-11ec-8444-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/608c9ef0-b661-11ec-8444-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Mathematical and computational thinking at the 9\u201312 level builds on K\u20138 and progresses to using algebraic thinking and analysis, a range of linear and nonlinear functions including trigonometric functions, exponentials and logarithms, and computational tools for statistical analysis to analyze, represent, and model data. Simple computational simulations are created and used based on mathematical models of basic assumptions.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"608d2b7c-b661-11ec-aa13-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/608d2b7c-b661-11ec-aa13-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Connections to Nature of Science","CFItemType":"Connections to the Nature of Science","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Connections to the Nature of Science","identifier":"3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"608dd3a6-b661-11ec-b0d5-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/608dd3a6-b661-11ec-b0d5-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science assumes the universe is a vast single system in which basic laws are consistent.","CFItemType":"Connections to the Nature of Science","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Connections to the Nature of Science","identifier":"3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"608d6fba-b661-11ec-983c-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/608d6fba-b661-11ec-983c-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Scientific Knowledge Assumes an Order and Consistency in Natural Systems","CFItemType":"Connections to the Nature of Science","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Connections to the Nature of Science","identifier":"3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"608aa316-b661-11ec-925f-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/608aa316-b661-11ec-925f-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"PS3.B","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"608af046-b661-11ec-81b3-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/608af046-b661-11ec-81b3-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Conservation of energy means that the total change of energy in any system is always equal to the total energy transferred into or out of the system.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"608e665e-b661-11ec-800a-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/608e665e-b661-11ec-800a-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Develop and use models to illustrate that energy at the macroscopic scale can be accounted for as a combination of energy associated with the motions of particles (objects) and energy associated with the relative positions of particles (objects).","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"EVS-PS3-2","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Examples of phenomena at the macroscopic scale could include any fluid (wind, water) interacting with an engineered or natural surface, biomass and air masses as they relate to weather patterns. Models could include diagrams, drawings, descriptions, and computer simulations.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"608fe34e-b661-11ec-8f5f-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/608fe34e-b661-11ec-8f5f-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Constructing explanations and designing solutions in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to explanations and designs that are supported by multiple and independent student-generated sources of evidence consistent with scientific ideas, principles, and theories.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"609077c8-b661-11ec-aacb-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/609077c8-b661-11ec-aacb-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Develop and use a model based on evidence to illustrate the relationships between systems or between components of a system.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"60902d2c-b661-11ec-ad16-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/60902d2c-b661-11ec-ad16-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Developing and Using Models","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Modeling in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 and progresses to using, synthesizing, and developing models to predict and show relationships among variables between systems and their components in the natural and designed worlds.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"6090bca6-b661-11ec-93da-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/6090bca6-b661-11ec-93da-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"60915f58-b661-11ec-8950-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/60915f58-b661-11ec-8950-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Energy is a quantitative property of a system that depends on the motion and interactions of matter and radiation within that system. That there is a single quantity called energy is due to the fact that a system\u2019s total energy is conserved, even as, within the system, energy is continually transferred from one object to another and between its various possible forms.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"6091071a-b661-11ec-afab-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/6091071a-b661-11ec-afab-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Definitions of Energy","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"PS3.A","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"60924382-b661-11ec-b5d6-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/60924382-b661-11ec-b5d6-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Connections to Nature of Science","CFItemType":"Connections to the Nature of Science","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Connections to the Nature of 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macroscopic scale, energy manifests itself in multiple ways, such as in motion, sound, light, and thermal energy.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"60965f30-b661-11ec-8754-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/60965f30-b661-11ec-8754-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Definitions of Energy","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"PS3.A","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"609618a4-b661-11ec-bd9e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/609618a4-b661-11ec-bd9e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"6095c8f4-b661-11ec-9f4d-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/6095c8f4-b661-11ec-9f4d-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Design, build, and refine a device that works within given constraints to convert one form of energy into another form of energy.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"EVS-PS3-3","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Emphasis is on both qualitative and quantitative evaluations of devices. Examples of devices could include wind turbines and biomass composting. Constraints could include efficiency of potential societal impact, engineering parameters, and economic feasibility.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"6097dad6-b661-11ec-a4fa-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/6097dad6-b661-11ec-a4fa-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"60987c34-b661-11ec-b864-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/60987c34-b661-11ec-b864-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Design, evaluate, and/or refine a solution to a complex real-world problem, based on scientific knowledge, student-generated sources of evidence, prioritized","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"60982950-b661-11ec-b460-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/60982950-b661-11ec-b460-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Constructing explanations and designing solutions in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to explanations and designs that are supported by multiple and independent student-generated sources of evidence consistent with scientific ideas, principles, and theories.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"6099b414-b661-11ec-870d-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/6099b414-b661-11ec-870d-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"When investigating or describing a system, the boundaries and initial conditions of the system need to be defined and their inputs and outputs analyzed and described using models.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"60995834-b661-11ec-bccf-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/60995834-b661-11ec-bccf-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Systems and System Models","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"609911bc-b661-11ec-80c1-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/609911bc-b661-11ec-80c1-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"6098be06-b661-11ec-a14c-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/6098be06-b661-11ec-a14c-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that the transfer of thermal energy when two components of different temperature are combined within a closed system results in a more uniform energy distribution among the components in the system (second law of thermodynamics).","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"EVS-PS3-4","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Emphasis is on analyzing data and using mathematical thinking to describe energy changes both quantitatively and conceptually. Examples of investigations could include balancing thermal input and output from systems such as coal-fueled power plants, natural gas mining, cooling towers, and insulating factors.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"609a39de-b661-11ec-90da-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/609a39de-b661-11ec-90da-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"609ac5fc-b661-11ec-84c0-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/609ac5fc-b661-11ec-84c0-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Plan and conduct an investigation individually and collaboratively to produce data to serve as the basis for evidence, and in the design: decide on types, how much, and accuracy of data needed to produce reliable measurements and consider limitations on the precision of the data (e.g., number of trials, cost, risk, time), and refine the design accordingly.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"609a80b0-b661-11ec-b9c4-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/609a80b0-b661-11ec-b9c4-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Planning and Carrying Out Investigations","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Planning and carrying out investigations to answer questions or test solutions to problems in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to include investigations that provide evidence for and test conceptual, mathematical, physical, and empirical models.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"609b0b2a-b661-11ec-b8ba-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/609b0b2a-b661-11ec-b8ba-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Use a model to describe how variations in the flow of energy into and out of Earth\u2019s systems result in changes in climate.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"EVS-ESS2-4","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Emphasis is on the interactions between atmosphere and hydrosphere (ocean currents, weather patterns) on human activity and the environment. Examples of the causes of climate change differ by timescale, over 1-10 years: drought/non-drought trends (NOAA data); 10-100s of years: consequences of industrialization and geological events such as volcanic eruptions and glacial changes resulting in solar reflectivity; 1-100s of thousands of years: deep ocean circulation; 1-100s of millions of years: tectonic plate movement of the land masses.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"609fdb78-b661-11ec-b718-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/609fdb78-b661-11ec-b718-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Criteria may need to be broken down into simpler ones that can be approached systematically, and decisions about the priority of certain criteria over others (trade-offs) may be needed.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"609f91f4-b661-11ec-974f-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/609f91f4-b661-11ec-974f-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Optimizing the Design Solution","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ETS1.C","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"609f4528-b661-11ec-bb0f-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/609f4528-b661-11ec-bb0f-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"609eda3e-b661-11ec-933e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/609eda3e-b661-11ec-933e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Design a solution to a complex real-world problem by breaking it down into smaller, more manageable problems that can be solved through engineering.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"EVS2-ETS1-2","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Examples of solutions could include, designing and refining solutions using solar cells and energy recovery from waste practices. Examples of constraints could include use of renewable energy forms and efficiency modeling.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"60a13c34-b661-11ec-ab7a-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/60a13c34-b661-11ec-ab7a-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"60a1ecb0-b661-11ec-9da4-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/60a1ecb0-b661-11ec-9da4-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Design, evaluate, and/or refine a solution to a complex real-world problem, based on scientific knowledge, student-generated sources of evidence, prioritized criteria, and tradeoff considerations.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"60a18f9a-b661-11ec-98f8-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/60a18f9a-b661-11ec-98f8-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Constructing explanations and designing solutions in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to explanations and designs that are supported by multiple and independent student-generated sources of evidence consistent with scientific ideas, principles, and theories.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"75361d9a-b661-11ec-96b9-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/75361d9a-b661-11ec-96b9-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Populations","CFItemType":"Topic","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Topic","identifier":"334bdb88-7eba-11e7-a30f-b0c90b874ace","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/334bdb88-7eba-11e7-a30f-b0c90b874ace"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7537b2e0-b661-11ec-81db-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7537b2e0-b661-11ec-81db-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Ecosystems have carrying capacities, which are limits to the numbers of organisms and populations they can support. These limits result from such factors as the availability of living and nonliving resources and from such challenges such as predation, competition, and disease. Organisms would have the capacity to produce populations of great size were it not for the fact that environments and resources are finite. This fundamental tension affects the abundance (number of individuals) of species in any given ecosystem.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7537663c-b661-11ec-9f47-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7537663c-b661-11ec-9f47-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"LS2.A","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"75370f2a-b661-11ec-be5f-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/75370f2a-b661-11ec-be5f-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7536a440-b661-11ec-aa87-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7536a440-b661-11ec-aa87-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Use mathematical and/or computational representations to support explanations of factors  that affect carrying capacity of ecosystems at different scales.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"EVS-LS2-1","notes":"**Clarification Statement**:  Emphasis is on Arkansas-specific biodiversity and nonbiodiversity, water habitats, and native vegetation. Evaluation techniques could include the use of quantitative analyses and comparison of the relationships among interdependent factors including boundaries, resources, climate, and competition. Arkansas examples could include predator/prey relationships (bass/feeder fish), biodiversity (cave systems and endangered species such as the Ozark Big-Eared bat), producer/consumer relationship (pine tree/Japanese beetle).","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7539c92c-b661-11ec-aa58-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7539c92c-b661-11ec-aa58-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"753a5d2e-b661-11ec-aafb-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/753a5d2e-b661-11ec-aafb-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Use mathematical and/or computational representations of phenomena or design solutions to support and revise explanations.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"753a1440-b661-11ec-b250-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/753a1440-b661-11ec-b250-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Mathematical and computational thinking at the 9\u201312 level builds on K\u20138 and progresses to using algebraic thinking and analysis, a range of linear and nonlinear functions including trigonometric functions, exponentials and logarithms, and computational tools for statistical analysis to analyze, represent, and model data. Simple","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"753aa5b8-b661-11ec-a3af-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/753aa5b8-b661-11ec-a3af-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Connections to Nature of Science","CFItemType":"Connections to the Nature of Science","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Connections to the Nature of Science","identifier":"3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"753b4400-b661-11ec-a0ac-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/753b4400-b661-11ec-a0ac-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Scientific argumentation is a mode of logical discourse used to clarify the strength of relationships between ideas and evidence that may result in revision of an explanation.","CFItemType":"Connections to the Nature of Science","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Connections to the Nature of Science","identifier":"3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"753af036-b661-11ec-ba52-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/753af036-b661-11ec-ba52-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Scientific Knowledge is Open to Revision in Light of New Evidence","CFItemType":"Connections to the Nature of Science","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Connections to the Nature of Science","identifier":"3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"753cd68a-b661-11ec-b043-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/753cd68a-b661-11ec-b043-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"The significance of a phenomenon is dependent on the scale, proportion, and quantity at which it occurs.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"753c8568-b661-11ec-b778-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/753c8568-b661-11ec-b778-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Scale, Proportion, and Quantity","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"753c3ac2-b661-11ec-be9e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/753c3ac2-b661-11ec-be9e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"753bd276-b661-11ec-aa0f-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/753bd276-b661-11ec-aa0f-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Use mathematical representations to support and revise explanations based on evidence    about factors affecting biodiversity and populations in ecosystems of different scales.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"EVS-LS2-2","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Examples of mathematical representations could include finding the average, determining trends, and using graphical comparisons of multiple sets of data (Arkansas macroinvertebrates stream data).\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment is limited to provided   data.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"753d2108-b661-11ec-b007-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/753d2108-b661-11ec-b007-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Constructing explanations and designing solutions in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to explanations and designs that are supported by multiple and independent student-generated sources of evidence consistent with scientific ideas, principles, and theories.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"753db550-b661-11ec-9b89-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/753db550-b661-11ec-9b89-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Use mathematical and/or computational representations of phenomena or design solutions to support and revise explanations.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"753d6c62-b661-11ec-bcf2-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/753d6c62-b661-11ec-bcf2-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Mathematical and computational thinking at the 9\u201312 level builds on K\u20138 and progresses to using algebraic thinking and analysis, a range of linear and nonlinear functions including trigonometric functions, exponentials and logarithms, and computational tools for statistical analysis to analyze, represent, and model data. Simple computational simulations are created and used based on mathematical models of basic assumptions.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"753dfa7e-b661-11ec-ab6a-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/753dfa7e-b661-11ec-ab6a-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"753e93f8-b661-11ec-9013-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/753e93f8-b661-11ec-9013-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Ecosystems have carrying capacities, which are limits to the numbers of organisms and populations they can support. These limits result from such factors as the availability of living and nonliving resources and from such challenges such as predation, competition, and disease. Organisms would have the capacity to produce populations of great size were it not for the fact that environments and resources are finite. This fundamental tension affects the abundance (number of individuals) of species in any given ecosystem.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"753e4722-b661-11ec-a5c9-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/753e4722-b661-11ec-a5c9-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"LS2.A","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"753f2bec-b661-11ec-944e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/753f2bec-b661-11ec-944e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"A complex set of interactions within an ecosystem can keep its numbers and types of organisms relatively constant over long periods of time under stable conditions. If a modest biological or physical disturbance to an ecosystem occurs, it may return to its more or less original status (i.e., the ecosystem is resilient), as opposed to becoming a very different ecosystem. Extreme fluctuations in conditions or the size of any population, however, can challenge the functioning of ecosystems in terms of resources and habitat availability.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"753edd7c-b661-11ec-9265-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/753edd7c-b661-11ec-9265-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning, and Resilience","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"LS2.C","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"753f766a-b661-11ec-aefe-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/753f766a-b661-11ec-aefe-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Connections to Nature of Science","CFItemType":"Connections to the Nature of Science","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Connections to the Nature of Science","identifier":"3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"75402272-b661-11ec-b7c2-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/75402272-b661-11ec-b7c2-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Most scientific knowledge is quite durable, but is, in principle, subject to change based on new evidence and/or reinterpretation of existing evidence.","CFItemType":"Connections to the Nature of Science","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Connections to the Nature of Science","identifier":"3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"753fd4e8-b661-11ec-99fb-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/753fd4e8-b661-11ec-99fb-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Scientific Knowledge is Open to Revision in Light of New Evidence","CFItemType":"Connections to the Nature of Science","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Connections to the Nature of Science","identifier":"3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"75422266-b661-11ec-9717-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/75422266-b661-11ec-9717-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7541dca2-b661-11ec-a7ca-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7541dca2-b661-11ec-a7ca-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Stability and Change","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7541a20a-b661-11ec-bdd7-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7541a20a-b661-11ec-bdd7-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"75415a7a-b661-11ec-96ec-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/75415a7a-b661-11ec-96ec-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Evaluate claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions, but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"EVS-LS2-6","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Emphasis is on both ancient and modern conditions. Examples of changes in ecosystem conditions could include Arkansas habitat loss and its impact on the bobwhite population or fossil evidence of exosystems (leaf-margin analyses).","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"75428364-b661-11ec-837d-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/75428364-b661-11ec-837d-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7543023a-b661-11ec-a337-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7543023a-b661-11ec-a337-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning behind currently accepted explanations or solutions to determine the merits of arguments.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 and progresses to evaluating the validity and reliability of the claims, methods, and designs.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7542c0e0-b661-11ec-8683-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7542c0e0-b661-11ec-8683-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Engaging in Argument from Evidence","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Engaging in argument from evidence in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to using appropriate and sufficient evidence and scientific reasoning to defend and critique claims and explanations about the natural and designed world(s). Arguments may also come from current scientific or historical episodes in science.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"75443b6e-b661-11ec-bf78-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/75443b6e-b661-11ec-bf78-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Group behavior has evolved because membership can increase the chances of survival for individuals and their genetic relatives.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7543ece0-b661-11ec-8a74-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7543ece0-b661-11ec-8a74-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Social Interactions and Group Behavior","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"LS2.D","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"75439cc2-b661-11ec-b74e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/75439cc2-b661-11ec-b74e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"754333cc-b661-11ec-853b-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/754333cc-b661-11ec-853b-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Evaluate evidence for the role of group behavior on individual and species\u2019 chances to survive and reproduce.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"EVS-LS2-8","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Emphasis is on the relationship of human activity with the environment: (1) distinguishing between group and individual behavior, (2) identifying evidence supporting the outcomes of group behavior, and (3) developing logical and reasonable arguments based on evidence. Examples of group behaviors could include human    population dynamics, ant or bee colonies, and copperhead mating behaviors.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"75448eac-b661-11ec-acb1-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/75448eac-b661-11ec-acb1-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"75452858-b661-11ec-9a60-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/75452858-b661-11ec-9a60-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and make claims about specific causes and effects.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7544dca4-b661-11ec-a203-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7544dca4-b661-11ec-a203-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Cause and Effect","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"75456e1c-b661-11ec-a22e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/75456e1c-b661-11ec-a22e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"75460692-b661-11ec-a083-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/75460692-b661-11ec-a083-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning behind currently accepted explanations or solutions to determine the merits of arguments.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7545bbc4-b661-11ec-a4d7-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7545bbc4-b661-11ec-a4d7-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Engaging in Argument from Evidence","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Engaging in argument from evidence in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to using appropriate and sufficient evidence and scientific reasoning to defend and critique claims and explanations about the natural and designed world(s). Arguments may also come from current scientific or historical episodes in science.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"754ce4a8-b661-11ec-92a7-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/754ce4a8-b661-11ec-92a7-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Evaluate a solution to a complex real-world problem based on prioritized criteria and  tradeoffs that account for a range of constraints, including cost, safety, reliability, and aesthetics as well as possible social, cultural, and environmental impacts.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"EVS3-ETS1-3","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Solutions to complex real world issues could include Arkansas wildlife management practices and river management programs susceptible to natural hazards (e.g., erosion, flooding, tornadoes, and earthquakes).","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"93093334-b661-11ec-bde0-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/93093334-b661-11ec-bde0-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Sustainability","CFItemType":"Topic","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Topic","identifier":"334bdb88-7eba-11e7-a30f-b0c90b874ace","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/334bdb88-7eba-11e7-a30f-b0c90b874ace"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"930aba6a-b661-11ec-8399-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/930aba6a-b661-11ec-8399-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Resource availability has guided the development of human society.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level 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Simple computational simulations are created and used based on mathematical models of basic assumptions.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"93143220-b661-11ec-bd3f-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/93143220-b661-11ec-bd3f-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Scientists and engineers can make major contributions by developing technologies that produce less pollution and waste and that preclude ecosystem degradation.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"9313ec70-b661-11ec-b994-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/9313ec70-b661-11ec-b994-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Human Impacts on Earth Systems","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS3.C","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"9313a1f2-b661-11ec-929e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/9313a1f2-b661-11ec-929e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"93135256-b661-11ec-8230-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/93135256-b661-11ec-8230-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Evaluate or refine a technological solution that reduces impacts of human activities on natural systems.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"EVS-ESS3-4","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Examples of data on the impacts of human activities could include the sequencing of traffic lights, adding lanes to main traffic arteries, docking and  dredging of waterways, transportation of goods to market, use of drones, and use of  alternative energies.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"93147050-b661-11ec-aae9-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/93147050-b661-11ec-aae9-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"9315038a-b661-11ec-b631-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/9315038a-b661-11ec-b631-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Change and rates of change can be quantified and modeled over very short or very long periods of time. Some system changes are irreversible.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"9314b7e0-b661-11ec-9257-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/9314b7e0-b661-11ec-9257-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Stability and Change","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"93156e74-b661-11ec-b918-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/93156e74-b661-11ec-b918-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"9315fb8c-b661-11ec-8c26-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/9315fb8c-b661-11ec-8c26-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Design or refine a solution to a complex real-world problem, based on scientific knowledge, student-generated sources of evidence, prioritized criteria, and tradeoff considerations.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 and progresses to evaluating the validity and reliability of the claims, methods, and designs.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"9315b460-b661-11ec-91be-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/9315b460-b661-11ec-91be-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Constructing explanations and designing solutions in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to explanations and designs that are supported by multiple and independent student-generated sources of evidence consistent with scientific knowledge, principles, and theories.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"93172390-b661-11ec-9a85-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/93172390-b661-11ec-9a85-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Current models predict that, although future regional climate changes will be complex and varied, average global temperatures will continue to rise. The outcomes predicted by global climate models strongly depend on the amounts of human-generated greenhouse gases added to the atmosphere each year and by the ways in which these gases are absorbed by the ocean and biosphere.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"9316d7c8-b661-11ec-ab72-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/9316d7c8-b661-11ec-ab72-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Weather and Climate","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS2.D","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"931695f6-b661-11ec-b367-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/931695f6-b661-11ec-b367-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"93163d68-b661-11ec-a8ed-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/93163d68-b661-11ec-a8ed-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Use a computational representation to illustrate the relationships among Earth systems  and how those relationships are being modified due to human activity.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"EVS-ESS3-6","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Examples of evidence for both data and climate model outputs for climate changes and their associated impacts can be found at NOAA, National Weather Service and United States  Geological Survey.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"93175f36-b661-11ec-a243-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/93175f36-b661-11ec-a243-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"9317e50a-b661-11ec-954a-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/9317e50a-b661-11ec-954a-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Use a computational representation of phenomena or design solutions to describe and/or support claims and/or explanations.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"9317a02c-b661-11ec-80b6-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/9317a02c-b661-11ec-80b6-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Mathematical and computational thinking in 9-12 builds on K-8 experiences and progresses to using algebraic thinking and analysis, a range of linear and nonlinear functions including trigonometric functions, exponentials and logarithms, and computational tools for statistical analysis to analyze, represent, and model data. 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Examples of human activities can include land use (agriculture, forestry, recreation, industry); sustainable and nonsustainable practices (crop rotations, eradication of invasive species); and solution resources may include Low Impact Design (LID) or bioremediation (Faulkner County, AR; Gulf of Mexico hypoxia zone.)","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"931b23aa-b661-11ec-b2c4-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/931b23aa-b661-11ec-b2c4-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering 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or structures requires a detailed examination of the properties of different materials, the structures of different components, and connections of components to reveal its function and/or solve a problem.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["08"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4a060892-b76f-11ec-a8cf-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4a060892-b76f-11ec-a8cf-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Structure and Function","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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which a system is studied and can provide evidence for causality in explanations of phenomena.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["08"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4a06ff9a-b76f-11ec-9f82-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4a06ff9a-b76f-11ec-9f82-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Patterns","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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and use a model based on evidence to illustrate the relationships between systems or between components of a system.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4a07c902-b76f-11ec-9cac-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4a07c902-b76f-11ec-9cac-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Developing and Using Models","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Modeling in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to using, synthesizing, and developing models to predict and show relationships among variables between systems and their components in the natural and designed worlds.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4a08b498-b76f-11ec-a93a-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4a08b498-b76f-11ec-a93a-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Plan and conduct an investigation individually and collaboratively to produce data to serve as the basis for evidence, and in the design: decide on types, how much, and accuracy of data needed to produce reliable measurements and consider limitations on the precision of the data (e.g., number of trials, cost, risk, time), and refine the design accordingly.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering 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models.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4a0921b2-b76f-11ec-8bad-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4a0921b2-b76f-11ec-8bad-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Ask questions that arise from examining models or a theory to clarify relationships.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4a08e56c-b76f-11ec-bece-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4a08e56c-b76f-11ec-bece-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Asking Questions and Defining Problems","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering 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Feedback mechanisms can encourage (through positive feedback) or discourage (negative feedback) what is going on inside the living system.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"774681ce-b76f-11ec-bbca-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/774681ce-b76f-11ec-bbca-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Growth and Development of Organisms","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"LS1.B","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7746efc4-b76f-11ec-b362-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7746efc4-b76f-11ec-b362-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"All cells contain genetic information in the form of DNA molecules. Genes are regions in the DNA that contain the instructions that code for the formation of proteins, which carry out most of the work of cells.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"77477548-b76f-11ec-9846-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/77477548-b76f-11ec-9846-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7afadf18-b76f-11ec-8252-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7afadf18-b76f-11ec-8252-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in 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The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"161d1c20-b812-11ec-81af-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/161d1c20-b812-11ec-81af-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"All cells contain genetic information in the form of DNA molecules. 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Feedback mechanisms can encourage (through positive feedback) or discourage (negative feedback) what is going on inside the living system.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"5cfc9756-b812-11ec-a879-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/5cfc9756-b812-11ec-a879-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Information Processing","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"LS1.D","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"5cfce4a4-b812-11ec-a012-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/5cfce4a4-b812-11ec-a012-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Each sense receptor responds to different inputs (electromagnetic, mechanical, chemical), transmitting them as signals that travel along nerve cells to the brain. 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scale are determined by electrical forces within and between atoms.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"02e32d04-b9b9-11ec-a8d3-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/02e32d04-b9b9-11ec-a8d3-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Structure and Properties of Matter","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"PS1.A","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"02e2e97a-b9b9-11ec-92d9-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/02e2e97a-b9b9-11ec-92d9-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core 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Emphasis is on understanding of the strengths of forces between particles including hydrogen bonding in water. Examples of particles could include ions, atoms, molecules, and networked materials (such as graphite). 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one must provide at least this energy in order to take the molecule apart.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"02e5c14a-b9b9-11ec-8cf5-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/02e5c14a-b9b9-11ec-8cf5-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Structure and Properties of Matter","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"PS1.A","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"02e57ac8-b9b9-11ec-b012-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/02e57ac8-b9b9-11ec-b012-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"02e524ce-b9b9-11ec-add9-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/02e524ce-b9b9-11ec-add9-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Develop a model to illustrate that the release or absorption of energy from a chemical reaction system depends upon the changes in total bond energy.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"PSI-PS1-4","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: This PE is partially addressed in this course. Emphasis is on the idea that a chemical reaction is a system that affects the energy change. Examples of models could include molecular-level drawings and diagrams of reactions, graphs showing the relative energies of reactants and products, and representations showing energy is conserved.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment does not include calculating the total bond energy changes during a chemical reaction from the bond energies of reactants and products.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"02e64444-b9b9-11ec-b477-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/02e64444-b9b9-11ec-b477-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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worlds.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"02e89bf4-b9b9-11ec-aee1-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/02e89bf4-b9b9-11ec-aee1-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"The fact that atoms are conserved, together with knowledge of the chemical properties of the elements involved, can be used to describe and predict chemical reactions.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"02e85e28-b9b9-11ec-9eb7-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/02e85e28-b9b9-11ec-9eb7-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Chemical 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Emphasis in this course is on identifying and describing the evidence for simultaneous co-\r\nevolution and the causes, effects, and feedbacks between the biosphere and Earth\u2019s other systems. Geoscience factors control the evolution of life, which in turn continuously alters Earth\u2019s surface. Examples could include how photosynthetic life altered the atmosphere through the production of oxygen, which in turn increased weathering rates and allowed for the evolution of animal life; how microbial life on land increased the formation of soil which in turn allowed for the evolution of land plants; or how the evolution of corals created reefs that altered patterns of erosion and deposition along coastlines and provided habitats for the evolution of life forms.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment does not include a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of how the biosphere interacts with all of Earth\u2019s other systems.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"d2627156-b9ba-11ec-88da-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/d2627156-b9ba-11ec-88da-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Types of Interactions","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"PS2.B","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"d262c944-b9ba-11ec-86e7-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/d262c944-b9ba-11ec-86e7-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Attraction and repulsion between electric charges at the atomic scale explain the structure, properties, and transformations of matter, as well as the contact forces between material objects.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"07e59a4c-b9bb-11ec-b099-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/07e59a4c-b9bb-11ec-b099-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Chemical Reactions","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"PS1.B","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"07e5ee98-b9bb-11ec-9c39-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/07e5ee98-b9bb-11ec-9c39-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Chemical processes, their rates, and 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the biosphere and other Earth systems cause a continual co-evolution of Earth\u2019s surface and the life that exists on it.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"209775ea-b9bd-11ec-a4b5-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/209775ea-b9bd-11ec-a4b5-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Matter in Organisms","CFItemType":"Topic","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Topic","identifier":"334bdb88-7eba-11e7-a30f-b0c90b874ace","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/334bdb88-7eba-11e7-a30f-b0c90b874ace"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"20992a52-b9bd-11ec-a401-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/20992a52-b9bd-11ec-a401-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"The process of photosynthesis converts light energy to stored chemical energy by converting carbon dioxide plus water into sugars plus released oxygen.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level 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Emphasis is on using photosynthesis as an example of a chemical reaction including energy transfer. Examples of models could include diagrams, chemical equations, and conceptual models.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**:  Assessment does not include specific biochemical steps.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"2099a77a-b9bd-11ec-850d-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/2099a77a-b9bd-11ec-850d-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"209a44a0-b9bd-11ec-b365-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/209a44a0-b9bd-11ec-b365-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Changes of energy and matter 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model based on evidence to illustrate the relationships between systems or between components of a system.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"209ac826-b9bd-11ec-bd01-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/209ac826-b9bd-11ec-bd01-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Developing and Using Models","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Modeling in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to using, synthesizing, and developing models to predict and show relationships among variables between systems and their components in the natural and designed worlds.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"209c2e82-b9bd-11ec-b8e7-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/209c2e82-b9bd-11ec-b8e7-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Use a model based on evidence to illustrate the relationships between systems or between components of a system.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering 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worlds.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"209ba638-b9bd-11ec-9f3e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/209ba638-b9bd-11ec-9f3e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"209b53d6-b9bd-11ec-886c-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/209b53d6-b9bd-11ec-886c-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Use a model to illustrate that cellular respiration is a chemical process whereby the bonds of food molecules and oxygen molecules are broken and the bonds in new compounds are formed resulting in a net transfer of energy.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"PSI-LS1-7","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: This PE is partially addressed in this course. Emphasis is on using physical systems as examples of chemical reactions such as cellular respiration and photosynthesis. 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At each link upward in a food web, only a small fraction of the matter consumed at the lower level is transferred upward, to produce growth and release energy in cellular respiration at the higher level. Given this inefficiency, there are generally fewer organisms at higher levels of a food web. Some matter reacts to release energy for life functions, some matter is stored in newly made structures, and much is discarded. The chemical elements that make up the molecules of organisms pass through food webs and into and out of the atmosphere and soil, and they are combined and recombined in different ways. 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Emphasis is on atoms and molecules such as carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen being conserved as they move through an ecosystem.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment is limited to proportional reasoning to describe the cycling of matter and flow of energy.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"209f5b70-b9bd-11ec-9fff-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/209f5b70-b9bd-11ec-9fff-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"209feb58-b9bd-11ec-93a3-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/209feb58-b9bd-11ec-93a3-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Energy cannot be created or destroyed\u2014it only moves between one place and another place, between objects and/or fields, or between systems.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"209fa49a-b9bd-11ec-adc6-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/209fa49a-b9bd-11ec-adc6-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Energy and Matter","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"20a0237a-b9bd-11ec-a7a5-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/20a0237a-b9bd-11ec-a7a5-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Constructing explanations and designing solutions in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to explanations and designs that are supported by multiple and independent student-generated sources of evidence consistent with scientific ideas, principles, and theories.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"20a0ba24-b9bd-11ec-b5fd-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/20a0ba24-b9bd-11ec-b5fd-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Use mathematical representations of phenomena or design solutions to support claims.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"20a06e98-b9bd-11ec-874e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/20a06e98-b9bd-11ec-874e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Mathematical and computational thinking in 9-12 builds on K-8 experiences and progresses to using algebraic thinking and analysis, a range of linear and nonlinear functions including trigonometric functions, exponentials and logarithms, and computational tools for statistical analysis to analyze, represent, and model data. Simple computational simulations are created and used based on mathematical models of basic assumptions.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"20a2d87c-b9bd-11ec-b5e6-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/20a2d87c-b9bd-11ec-b5e6-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Criteria may need to be broken down into simpler ones that can be approached systematically, and decisions about the priority of certain criteria over others (trade-offs) may be needed.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level 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one aspect at a time (e.g., health advantages and disadvantages of using polystyrene vs. polyethylene for constructing a water bottle.)","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"20a428a8-b9bd-11ec-968f-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/20a428a8-b9bd-11ec-968f-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"20a4c0a6-b9bd-11ec-81c9-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/20a4c0a6-b9bd-11ec-81c9-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Design a solution to a complex 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[","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"PSI-PS2-5","notes":"**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment is limited to designing and conducting investigations with provided materials and tools.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"72db89c0-b9bf-11ec-88fd-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/72db89c0-b9bf-11ec-88fd-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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models.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"72ddd31a-b9bf-11ec-866d-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/72ddd31a-b9bf-11ec-866d-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Communicate scientific and technical information (e.g. about the process of development and the design and performance of a proposed process or system) in multiple formats (including orally, graphically, textually, and mathematically).","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering 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materials.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"PSI-PS2-6","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Emphasis is on the attractive and repulsive forces that determine the functioning of the material. Examples could include why electrically conductive materials are often made of metal, flexible but durable materials are made up of long chained molecules, and pharmaceuticals are designed to interact with specific receptors.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment is limited to provided molecular structures of specific designed materials.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"72de0d58-b9bf-11ec-a706-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/72de0d58-b9bf-11ec-a706-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core 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(automobile safety and shipping/packing materials).","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"72e15670-b9bf-11ec-a707-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/72e15670-b9bf-11ec-a707-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Constructing explanations and designing solutions in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to explanations and designs that are supported by multiple and independent student-generated sources of evidence consistent with scientific ideas, principles, and theories.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"72e1d51e-b9bf-11ec-9cba-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/72e1d51e-b9bf-11ec-9cba-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Analyze complex real-world problems by specifying criteria and constraints for successful solutions.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"72e194a0-b9bf-11ec-b804-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/72e194a0-b9bf-11ec-b804-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Asking Questions and Defining Problems","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering 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tectonics to explain the ages of crustal (continental and oceanic) rocks. Examples could include evidence of the ages of oceanic crust (lithosphere that includes crust and upper mantle and the asthenosphere) increasing with distance from mid-ocean ridges (a result of divergent boundaries/plate spreading) and the ages of North American continental crust increasing with distance away from a central ancient core (a result of past plate interactions).","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"72e2fdea-b9bf-11ec-936f-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/72e2fdea-b9bf-11ec-936f-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"72e36f1e-b9bf-11ec-afbc-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/72e36f1e-b9bf-11ec-afbc-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Evaluate evidence behind currently accepted explanations or solutions to determine the merits of arguments.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"72e33800-b9bf-11ec-9ff6-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/72e33800-b9bf-11ec-9ff6-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Engaging in Argument from Evidence","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Engaging in argument from evidence in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to using appropriate and sufficient evidence and scientific reasoning to defend and critique claims and explanations about the natural and designed world(s). Arguments may also come from current scientific or historical episodes in science.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"8672770a-b9bf-11ec-ac94-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/8672770a-b9bf-11ec-ac94-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Analyze data to support the claim that Newton\u2019s second law of motion describes the mathematical relationship among the net force on a macroscopic object, its mass, and its acceleration.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"PSI-PS2-1","notes":"**Clarification Statement**:  This PE is partially addressed in this course. Emphasis on qualitative analysis of data. Examples of data could include tables or graphs of position or velocity as a function of time for objects subject to a net unbalanced force, such as a falling object, an object rolling down a ramp, or a moving object being pulled by a constant force.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment is limited to qualitative analysis of one-dimensional motion and to macroscopic objects moving at non-relativistic speeds.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"867364a8-b9bf-11ec-98b7-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/867364a8-b9bf-11ec-98b7-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Newton\u2019s second law accurately predicts changes in the motion of macroscopic objects.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level 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data.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"8674ed00-b9bf-11ec-bd07-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/8674ed00-b9bf-11ec-bd07-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"8d72c898-b9bf-11ec-bc76-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/8d72c898-b9bf-11ec-bc76-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Apply scientific and engineering ideas to design, evaluate, and refine a device that minimizes the force on a macroscopic object during a collision.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"PSI-PS2-3","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Examples of evaluation and refinement could include determining the success of the device in protecting an object from damage and modifying the design to improve it. Examples of a device could include a football helmet or a parachute.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment is limited to qualitative evaluations and/or algebraic manipulations.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"8d73acd6-b9bf-11ec-a79b-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/8d73acd6-b9bf-11ec-a79b-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Apply scientific ideas to solve a design problem, taking into account possible unanticipated effects.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering 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ideas, principles, and theories.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"8d731f50-b9bf-11ec-9023-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/8d731f50-b9bf-11ec-9023-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"8d747620-b9bf-11ec-81e7-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/8d747620-b9bf-11ec-81e7-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Criteria and constraints also include satisfying any requirements set by society, such as taking issues of risk mitigation into 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energy stored in a battery or energy transmitted by electric currents.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"7f7020e0-b9d5-11ec-9123-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/7f7020e0-b9d5-11ec-9123-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Plate Tectonics and Large-Scale System 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student-generated sources of evidence, prioritized criteria, and tradeoff considerations.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"a09d7f9c-ba57-11ec-8b16-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/a09d7f9c-ba57-11ec-8b16-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Constructing explanations and designing solutions in 9\u201312 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Examples of human activities could include urbanization, fracking, greenhouse gases and dams.\r\n\r\n**Assessment Boundary**: Assessment is to include student choice from multiple scenarios.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4f8a1592-ba85-11ec-9896-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4f8a1592-ba85-11ec-9896-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4f8a962a-ba85-11ec-892c-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4f8a962a-ba85-11ec-892c-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4f8a571e-ba85-11ec-8700-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4f8a571e-ba85-11ec-8700-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Stability and Change","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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evaluate, and refine a solution to a complex real-world problem, based on scientific knowledge, student-generated sources of evidence, prioritized criteria, and tradeoff considerations.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4f8b06c8-ba85-11ec-b32a-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4f8b06c8-ba85-11ec-b32a-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Constructing explanations and designing solutions in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to explanations and designs that are supported by multiple and independent student-generated sources of evidence consistent with scientific ideas, principles and theories.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4f899d88-ba85-11ec-832e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4f899d88-ba85-11ec-832e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Biodiversity and Humans","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"LS4.D","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4f89e270-ba85-11ec-9b6d-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4f89e270-ba85-11ec-9b6d-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Biodiversity is increased by the formation of new species (speciation) and decreased by the loss of species (extinction).","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4f8c5992-ba85-11ec-b72e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4f8c5992-ba85-11ec-b72e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Evaluate the evidence behind currently accepted explanations or solutions to determine the merits of arguments.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4f8c0adc-ba85-11ec-8987-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4f8c0adc-ba85-11ec-8987-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Engaging in Argument from Evidence","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Engaging in argument from evidence in 9-12 builds on K-8 experiences and progresses to using appropriate and sufficient evidence and scientific reasoning to defend and critique claims and explanations about the natural and designed world(s). Arguments may also come from current or historical episodes in science.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4f8bc57c-ba85-11ec-90c3-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4f8bc57c-ba85-11ec-90c3-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4f8b7464-ba85-11ec-90e0-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4f8b7464-ba85-11ec-90e0-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Evaluate the evidence supporting claims that changes in environmental conditions may result in:  (1) increases in the number of individuals of some species, (2) the emergence of new species over time, and (3) the extinction of other species.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"PSI-LS4-5","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: This PE is partially addressed in this course. Emphasis is on physical changes to the environment (temperature change and acidification).","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4f8c91fa-ba85-11ec-9f36-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4f8c91fa-ba85-11ec-9f36-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4f8d25a2-ba85-11ec-9f71-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4f8d25a2-ba85-11ec-9f71-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Changes in the physical environment, whether naturally occurring or human induced, have thus contributed to the expansion of some species, the emergence of new distinct species as populations diverge under different conditions, and the decline\u2013and sometimes the extinction\u2013of some species.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4f8cdef8-ba85-11ec-8e99-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4f8cdef8-ba85-11ec-8e99-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Adaptation","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"LS4.C","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4f8da180-ba85-11ec-86f0-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4f8da180-ba85-11ec-86f0-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Species become extinct because they can no longer survive and reproduce in their altered environment. If members cannot adjust to change that is too fast or drastic, the opportunity for the species\u2019 evolution is lost.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4f8dd344-ba85-11ec-8e79-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4f8dd344-ba85-11ec-8e79-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4f8e54ea-ba85-11ec-8694-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4f8e54ea-ba85-11ec-8694-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and make claims about specific causes and effects.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4f8e157a-ba85-11ec-bfc3-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4f8e157a-ba85-11ec-bfc3-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Cause and Effect","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4f8f6c22-ba85-11ec-81b1-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4f8f6c22-ba85-11ec-81b1-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Earth\u2019s systems, being dynamic and interacting, cause feedback effects that can increase or decrease the original changes.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4f8f26b8-ba85-11ec-8317-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4f8f26b8-ba85-11ec-8317-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Earth Materials and Systems","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS2.A","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4f8eddd4-ba85-11ec-9ff4-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4f8eddd4-ba85-11ec-9ff4-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4f8e8c8a-ba85-11ec-9506-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4f8e8c8a-ba85-11ec-9506-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Develop a model to illustrate how Earth\u2019s internal and surface processes operate at different spatial and temporal scales to form continental and ocean-floor features.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"PSI-ESS2-1","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Emphasis is on how the appearance of land features (mountains, valleys, and plateaus) and sea floor features (trenches, ridges, and seamounts) are a result of both constructive forces (volcanism, tectonic uplift, and orogeny) and destructive mechanisms (weathering, mass wasting, and coastal erosion).","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4f9280ce-ba85-11ec-bfc8-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4f9280ce-ba85-11ec-bfc8-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Resource availability has guided the development of human society.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4f923e16-ba85-11ec-8f02-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4f923e16-ba85-11ec-8f02-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Natural Resources","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ESS3.A","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4f91f49c-ba85-11ec-98e4-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4f91f49c-ba85-11ec-98e4-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4f91a348-ba85-11ec-8b60-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4f91a348-ba85-11ec-8b60-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Construct an explanation based on evidence for how the availability of natural resources,  occurrence of natural hazards, and changes in climate have influenced human activity.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"PSI-ESS3-1","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: This PE is partially addressed in this course. Emphasis in this course is on key natural resources. Examples could include access to fresh water (rivers, lakes, and groundwater), regions of fertile soils (river deltas) and high concentrations of minerals and fossil fuels. Examples of natural hazards could include from interior processes (volcanic eruptions), surface processes (tsunamis, mass wasting, and soil erosion), and severe weather (hurricanes, floods, and droughts). Examples of the results of changes in climate that could affect populations or drive mass migrations could include changes to sea level and regional patterns of temperature and precipitation.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4f93559e-ba85-11ec-8765-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4f93559e-ba85-11ec-8765-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4f93d924-ba85-11ec-82f3-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4f93d924-ba85-11ec-82f3-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and make claims about specific causes and effects.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4f939856-ba85-11ec-93f3-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4f939856-ba85-11ec-93f3-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Cause and Effect","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4f94cbcc-ba85-11ec-96e6-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4f94cbcc-ba85-11ec-96e6-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Construct an explanation based on valid and reliable evidence obtained from a variety of sources (including students\u2019 own investigations, models, theories, simulations, peer review) and the assumption that theories and laws that describe the natural world operate today as they did in the past and will continue to do so in the future.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering 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migrations.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4f9566ea-ba85-11ec-a923-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4f9566ea-ba85-11ec-a923-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core 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Emphasis is on identifying possible problems to be solved (conservation, recycling, and minimizing impacts).","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4f96f5c8-ba85-11ec-87c0-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4f96f5c8-ba85-11ec-87c0-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Connections to Nature of Science","CFItemType":"Connections to the Nature of Science","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Connections to the Nature of Science","identifier":"3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4f977e9e-ba85-11ec-a4e6-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4f977e9e-ba85-11ec-a4e6-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and technology may raise ethical issues for which science, by itself, does not provide answers and solutions.","CFItemType":"Connections to the Nature of Science","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Connections to the Nature of Science","identifier":"3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4f97363c-ba85-11ec-af9a-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4f97363c-ba85-11ec-af9a-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science Addresses Questions About the Natural and Material World","CFItemType":"Connections to the Nature of Science","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Connections to the Nature of Science","identifier":"3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/3bff52f9-a308-511e-9de2-a1f1f45c2d12"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4f97b6f2-ba85-11ec-aa16-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4f97b6f2-ba85-11ec-aa16-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4f983dd4-ba85-11ec-9ec2-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4f983dd4-ba85-11ec-9ec2-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Evaluate competing design solutions to a real-world problem based on scientific ideas and principles, empirical evidence, and logical arguments regarding relevant factors (e.g. economic, societal, environmental, ethical considerations).","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4f97fdec-ba85-11ec-89c8-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4f97fdec-ba85-11ec-89c8-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Engaging in Argument from Evidence","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Engaging in argument from evidence in 9-12 builds on K-8 experiences and progresses to using appropriate and sufficient evidence and scientific reasoning to defend and critique claims and explanations about the natural and designed world(s). 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evidence, and in the design: decide on types, how much, and accuracy of data needed to produce reliable measurements and consider limitations on the precision of the data (e.g., number of trials, cost, risk, time), and refine the design accordingly.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3a97887e-bb50-11ec-8189-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3a97887e-bb50-11ec-8189-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Planning and Carrying Out Investigations","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering 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relationship between rotational and linear motion, energy, and momentum.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"P-PS2-4AR","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Emphasis is on linear motion and angular motion, force and torque, linear momentum and angular momentum, and linear kinetic energy and rotational kinetic energy, mass and moment of inertia.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3a99fd84-bb50-11ec-ad9d-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3a99fd84-bb50-11ec-ad9d-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Crosscutting Concepts","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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described in terms of energy and matter flows into, out of, and within that system.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3a9ae618-bb50-11ec-ae16-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3a9ae618-bb50-11ec-ae16-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering 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data.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3a9c8fcc-bb50-11ec-bf36-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3a9c8fcc-bb50-11ec-bf36-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"When two objects interacting through a force field change relative position, the energy stored in the force field is changed.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3a9c5372-bb50-11ec-ae11-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3a9c5372-bb50-11ec-ae11-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Relationship Between Energy and 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interactions.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3a9e27b0-bb50-11ec-983e-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3a9e27b0-bb50-11ec-983e-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3a9ea316-bb50-11ec-96c7-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3a9ea316-bb50-11ec-96c7-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Use mathematical models and/or computer simulations to predict the effects of a design solution on systems and/or the interactions between systems.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"3a9e65cc-bb50-11ec-bf71-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/3a9e65cc-bb50-11ec-bf71-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Mathematical and computational thinking in 9-12 builds on K-8 experiences and progresses to using algebraic thinking and analysis, a range of linear and nonlinear functions including trigonometric functions, exponentials and logarithms, and computational tools for statistical analysis to analyze, represent, and model data. 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Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be transported from one place to another and transferred between systems.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ac3ec050-bb5a-11ec-a174-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ac3ec050-bb5a-11ec-a174-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"PS3.B","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ac3e7dde-bb5a-11ec-8cfd-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ac3e7dde-bb5a-11ec-8cfd-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ac3e3342-bb5a-11ec-b505-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ac3e3342-bb5a-11ec-b505-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Design, build, and refine a device that works within given constraints to convert one form of energy into another form of energy.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"P-PS3-3","notes":"**Clarification Statement**: Emphasis is on both qualitative and quantitative evaluations of devices. Examples of devices could include Rube Goldberg devices, wind turbines, solar cells, solar ovens, and generators. 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which the reasoning and data support the explanation or conclusion.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ac3f7388-bb5a-11ec-b4f2-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ac3f7388-bb5a-11ec-b4f2-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Constructing explanations and designing solutions in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 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conduct an investigation individually and collaboratively to produce data to serve as the basis for evidence, and in the design: decide on types, how much, and accuracy of data needed to produce reliable measurements and consider limitations on the precision of the data (e.g., number of trials, cost, risk, time), and refine the design accordingly.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ac437c76-bb5a-11ec-9729-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ac437c76-bb5a-11ec-9729-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Planning and Carrying Out Investigations","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering 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For such systems (e.g., with very many colliding molecules), one can often predict average but not detailed properties and behaviors (e.g., average temperature, motion, and rates of chemical change but not the trajectories or other changes of particular molecules).","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ac44e714-bb5a-11ec-842f-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ac44e714-bb5a-11ec-842f-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Criteria and constraints also include satisfying any requirements set by society, such as taking issues of risk mitigation into account, and they should be quantified to the extent possible and stated in such a way that one can tell if a given design meets them.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ac44a27c-bb5a-11ec-855f-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ac44a27c-bb5a-11ec-855f-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Defining and Delimiting Engineering Problems","CFItemType":"Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895b0e-1d55-11eb-ac71-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"ETS1.A","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ac444412-bb5a-11ec-a17c-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ac444412-bb5a-11ec-a17c-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Disciplinary Core Ideas","CFItemType":"Disciplinary Core Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Disciplinary Core Idea","identifier":"268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268959a6-1d55-11eb-b42d-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ac43f39a-bb5a-11ec-a4e6-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ac43f39a-bb5a-11ec-a4e6-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Analyze a major global challenge to specify qualitative and quantitative criteria and constraints for solutions that account for societal needs and wants.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"P3-ETS1-1","notes":"**Clarification Statement**:  Examples could include use of wind and solar energy and total energy loss from homes.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ac46e65e-bb5a-11ec-8701-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ac46e65e-bb5a-11ec-8701-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Connections to Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science","CFItemType":"Connections to Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Connections to Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science","identifier":"1215fbff-ff4a-5df8-a228-f6e04e78b77e","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/1215fbff-ff4a-5df8-a228-f6e04e78b77e"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ac4771d2-bb5a-11ec-8859-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ac4771d2-bb5a-11ec-8859-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and engineering complement each other in the cycle known as research and development (R&D). Many R&D projects may involve scientists, engineers, and others with wide ranges of expertise.","CFItemType":"Connections to Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Connections to Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science","identifier":"1215fbff-ff4a-5df8-a228-f6e04e78b77e","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/1215fbff-ff4a-5df8-a228-f6e04e78b77e"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ac4725f6-bb5a-11ec-bd7f-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ac4725f6-bb5a-11ec-bd7f-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Interdependence of Science, Engineering, and Technology","CFItemType":"Connections to Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Connections to Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science","identifier":"1215fbff-ff4a-5df8-a228-f6e04e78b77e","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/1215fbff-ff4a-5df8-a228-f6e04e78b77e"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ac47d456-bb5a-11ec-8505-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ac47d456-bb5a-11ec-8505-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ac486740-bb5a-11ec-ae68-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ac486740-bb5a-11ec-ae68-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Analyze complex real-world problems by specifying criteria and constraints for successful solutions.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ac481376-bb5a-11ec-adc7-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ac481376-bb5a-11ec-adc7-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Asking Questions and Defining Problems","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Asking questions and defining problems in 9\u201312 builds on K\u20138 experiences and progresses to formulating, refining, and evaluating empirically testable questions and design problems using models and simulations.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ac456446-bb5a-11ec-9f53-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ac456446-bb5a-11ec-9f53-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Humanity faces major global challenges today, such as the need for supplies of clean water and food or for energy sources that minimize pollution, which can be addressed through engineering. These global challenges also may have manifestations in local communities.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"c6451f3a-bb5a-11ec-be55-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/c6451f3a-bb5a-11ec-be55-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Design a solution to a complex real-world problem by breaking it down into smaller, more manageable problems that can be solved through engineering.","CFItemType":"Performance Expectation","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Performance Expectation","identifier":"26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003","uri":"https://case.nd.gov/uri/26894d8a-1d55-11eb-8955-0242ac130003"},"humanCodingScheme":"P3-ETS1-2","notes":"**Clarification 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(windmills, roller coasters) and modeling energy loss in homes with and without proposed improvements.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ccab9480-bb5a-11ec-b4ee-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ccab9480-bb5a-11ec-b4ee-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"When evaluating solutions, it is important to take into account a range of constraints, including cost, safety, reliability, and aesthetics, and to consider social, cultural, and environmental impacts.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level 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world(s).","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"ccaf77bc-bb5a-11ec-8869-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/ccaf77bc-bb5a-11ec-8869-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"d3397b64-bb5a-11ec-964f-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/d3397b64-bb5a-11ec-964f-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Evaluate a solution to a complex real-world problem based on prioritized criteria and trade-offs that account for a range of constraints, including cost, 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one can tell if a given design meets them.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"d33a64fc-bb5a-11ec-bb87-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/d33a64fc-bb5a-11ec-bb87-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Defining and Delimiting Engineering 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models.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4ba03744-bc2f-11ec-b499-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4ba03744-bc2f-11ec-b499-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Systems and System Models","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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a solution to a complex real-world problem, based on scientific knowledge, student-generated sources of evidence, prioritized criteria, and tradeoff considerations.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4ba12532-bc2f-11ec-95e6-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4ba12532-bc2f-11ec-95e6-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering 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understanding of waves and their interactions with matter are part of everyday experiences in the modern world (e.g., medical imaging, communications, and scanners) and in scientific research. They are essential tools for producing, transmitting, and capturing signals and for storing and interpreting the information contained in them. Knowledge of quantum physics enabled the development of semiconductors, computer chips, and lasers, all of which are now essential components of modern imaging, communications, and information technologies. (Boundary: Details of quantum physics are not formally taught at this grade level.)","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4ba72c2a-bc2f-11ec-a02d-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4ba72c2a-bc2f-11ec-a02d-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Energy is a quantitative property of a system that depends on the motion and interactions of matter and radiation within that system. That there is a single quantity called energy is due to the fact that a system\u2019s total energy is conserved, even as, within the system, energy is continually transferred from one object to another and between its various possible forms.","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4ba6daf4-bc2f-11ec-9efc-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4ba6daf4-bc2f-11ec-9efc-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Definitions of 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P=IV.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4ba7682a-bc2f-11ec-9048-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4ba7682a-bc2f-11ec-9048-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Science and Engineering Practices","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4ba7f2f4-bc2f-11ec-89a9-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4ba7f2f4-bc2f-11ec-89a9-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Apply scientific reasoning to link evidence to the claims to assess the extent to which the reasoning and data support the explanation or 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and initial conditions of the system need to be defined and their inputs and outputs analyzed and described using models.","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting Concept","identifier":"26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26896338-1d55-11eb-ad76-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"4ba86f9a-bc2f-11ec-a1d6-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/4ba86f9a-bc2f-11ec-a1d6-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Systems and System Models","CFItemType":"Crosscutting Concept","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Crosscutting 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Simple computational simulations are created and used based on mathematical models of basic assumptions.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"bf001ee2-bc30-11ec-bf75-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/bf001ee2-bc30-11ec-bf75-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Use mathematical models and/or computer simulations to predict the effects of a design solution on systems and/or the interactions between systems.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"d7751a40-bc30-11ec-bf28-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/d7751a40-bc30-11ec-bf28-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Planning and Carrying Out Investigations","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"notes":"Planning and carrying out investigations in 9-12 builds on K-8 experiences and progresses to include investigations that provide evidence for and test conceptual, mathematical, physical, and empirical models.","language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"d7756dce-bc30-11ec-9cb2-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/d7756dce-bc30-11ec-9cb2-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Plan and conduct an investigation individually and collaboratively to produce data to serve as the basis for evidence, and in the design: decide on types, how much, and accuracy of data needed to produce reliable measurements and consider limitations on the precision of the data (e.g., number of trials, cost, risk, time), and refine the design accordingly.","CFItemType":"Science and Engineering Practice","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Science and Engineering Practice","identifier":"268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/268960fe-1d55-11eb-b64f-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"0a8a9148-bc32-11ec-bf61-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/0a8a9148-bc32-11ec-bf61-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Mathematical expressions, which quantify how the stored energy in a system depends on its configuration (e.g., relative positions of charged particles, compression of a spring) and how kinetic energy depends on mass and speed, allow the concept of conservation of energy to be used to predict and describe system behavior.(","CFItemType":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","CFItemTypeURI":{"title":"Grade-Level Sub-Idea","identifier":"26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItemTypes/26895c94-1d55-11eb-8239-0242ac130003"},"language":"en","educationLevel":["09","10","11","12"],"lastChangeDateTime":"2023-11-19T00:00:00+00:00"},{"identifier":"563c7d5e-bc32-11ec-8414-0242ac1c0003","uri":"https://satchelcommons.com/ims/case/v1p0/CFItems/563c7d5e-bc32-11ec-8414-0242ac1c0003","fullStatement":"Although energy cannot be destroyed, it can be converted to less useful forms\u2014for example, to thermal energy in the surrounding environment. Machines are judged as efficient or inefficient based on the amount of energy input needed to perform a particular useful task. Inefficient machines are those that produce more waste heat while performing a task and thus require more energy input. 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